European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - October 22, 1985, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Page 18 the stars and stripes tuesday october 22, 1985 to. Depiction of different positions of crucifixion scientists now say romans tied most victims to Cross with ropes. Scientific study of crucifixion by Arthur Max associated Pressa re examination of the Bones of a crucified Man irom the Lime of Christ casts new Light on How exactly the ancient romans executed their victims according to two israeli scientists. The scientists studying evidence unearthed in 1968, Drew a different picture from the traditional View of Christ s crucifixion and said the romans lied most of their victims to the Cross with ropes. Although the ancient romans crucified tens of thousands of victims throughout their vast Empire the Bones Lound 17 years Ngo Are the Only physical evidence of the punishment that the gospel says was the late of Christ said anthropologist Joe Zias. Curator of the government department of antiquities. The dearth of evidence indicated that most people were probably tied to the Cross Zias said in an interview earlier this week. Nailing was a rare occasion. Once you Start using nails you have to keep changing  which was a problem in a country Wilh few Trees. The Skeleton along with the partial remains of two other people was discovered in an ossuary or a Stone Collin in a burial Cave in East Jerusalem one year after israeli troops seized the Eastern sector of the City from Jordan. A Rusty Nail was embedded in the right Heel of the Man who died in his mid-20s. Zias and anatomist Eliezer Mekeles of the Hadassah medical school said the condemned Man was probably tied with his arms hooked Over the crossbar. His Leet straddling the upright were nailed separately. The new study contradicts earlier theories that the Man was nailed by each wrist and a third Nail was driven through the heels of both feet the scientists said. Their work was first published in the Israel exploration journal. No conclusions can be drawn from the scanty evidence on How Christ was crucified. But Zias said the traditional View of Christ nailed through the Palms of his hands was improbable. Separate studies have shown that nails driven through the hands could not support the weight of a fully grown Man he said and the image May have emerged irom theological artwork As late As the 13th Century. Crucifixion victims died irom suffocation because the abdominal Muscles used for breathing became strained. You can inhale but you can t  said Mekeles and a healthy Man could live no More than one Day on the Cross. The original study of the Bones by Nico Haas also of the Hadassah medical school said the legs probably were Bent at the Knees to one Side so that the Nail could be hammered through both heels. Mass Drew that conclusion on the basis of a Small Bone fragment attached to the Nail that did not belong to the right Heel. He believed it belonged to the left Heel. But Mekeles examining casts and photographs of the Bones said the fragment was a different Type of Bone that must have fused onto the Nail during the 2,000 years that the remains Lay in the Tomb. I Don t know what it is but i know Lor sure what it in t. It cannot be a Heel  he said. Zias said Haas also incorrectly measured the 11.5 cent meter Long Nail which was too Short to attach both heels to the Cross. Haas believed an indented line on one of the wrist Bones was a scratch caused by another Nail. But Mekeles said the line could not be a scratch since no Bone material was chipped Oil. It was just an impression caused by something lying next to the Bone for a great number of years. There is no evidence that a Nail passed through the Arm said Mekeles. Haas has been incapacitated since an Accident in 1973. Zias said he was prompted to review Haas findings by the hundreds of questions that poured into his office Over the years. 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