European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - March 12, 1962, Darmstadt, Hesse The staks and St mks Berlin Wall remains focal in struggle Between East,t7wx " " to f by a c. Hajj be Berlin up Berlin the focal Point in the current worldwide East West struggle has become Amajor teat of the Western Alliance. Soviet Premier Elk la s. Khrushchev Contides divided Berlin Bone Cluck in the communist Throat and a cancerous tumor that should be eradicated from the heart of Europe. The United states. Britain an France stand committed to the defense of West Berlin u a Light House of Freedom in the darkness the totalitarian the conflict Over Berlin has put the allies to a twofold teat in scan fact in together a East the West from to Imu Teni a United policy a How beat to go Abbot it. Until now. Western firmness has stood the test and stood it Well inthe face of Advent circumstances. Hire us. Presidents has successfully reaffirmed american de termination to stand by Berlin. President Harry & Truman re corded in his diary july is 1948 "1 insist we will stay in Berlin come what president Dwight d. Eisenhower told the american people on March 16, 1359 we will not Retreat one Inch from our duty in Berlin. On july 25. 1961, president John. Kennedy warned the russians we cannot and will not permit the communists to drive us out of Berlin either gradually or by Force he assured the people of Berlin the world must know we shall fight for Britain and France have endorsed this policy stand As have in principle the smaller member countries of the North Atlantic treaty organization nato. Nato the West s principal de sense alignment stands committed a a whole to defense of the City. Point of Strain for the Wester big three has been the differing opinions on How Best to tackle Heberlin problem in the diplomatic United states and Britain have maintained the necessity for sounding out the soviets to deter mine whether there is a basis for negotiating a More permanent Ber Lin settlement this probing be Gan in Moscow Early this year by jul ambassador Rewellyn Thomp a Resmee stirred tons As a waste of time and Effort until Russia changes Ito tone. West Germany caught be tween the two trends among tto major allies has aided in Prin Ciple with . Strategy. Russia eager to exploit the slightest difference has not missed opportunities to try to interest eat Germany in a separate Deal bypassing the Western big three. Pur Tokyo Lagos. Tunis Cairo Bio de Janeiro Montevideo and every other City and Village an people who wish to be free.9 the British foreign office Petit this Way it seems that or. Khrushchev has deliberately chosen to make Berlin into test of the Western nations firmness steadiness and will to defend their own interests and those of their tired the Berlin crisis by threaten to end occur pause rights and but the differences among the allies Are largely tactical. They reflect no really dangerous rift in Over All policy nor in the Mutual determination 10 stand by it. The reasons for continued Allied firmness on Berlin were defined by a . Stale department Publica Tion in these terms for the Western allies fre Eberlin is the Symbol the evidence and the acid test of their Unity strength and determination. It has become to a real sense the Keystone of the defensive Arch of nato " in defending free Berlin we defend not Only Bonn Paris Lon Don Oslo Ottawa Washington Kansas City Boise but in fact every citizen in the North at lactic Community. Equally we defend new Delhi Koala Lum friends. If soviet Russia manage to break the will and nerve of the Western nations Over Berlin it rulers might draw the conclusion that the whole of Western Europe perhaps the whole world Lay open to their demands. Past history shows that if any Man or any country gets into this state of mind War inevitably Fol lows in the when Joseph Stalin imposed his blockade on Berlin on june 23, 1948, the huge Western Airlift joint Almed operation Defeated his Effort to starve out and Swal Low up the City. By june 1949, he had to admit defeat by allowing the return to Normal functioning of communications Between the City and the West. A decade later Khrushchev re the Wall 25 Miles of shame Berlin Orpi after six month the barbed wire is rust la freezing weather an thaws have scarred the Concrete and Bride. But the wound caused by the Wall Are still fresh. The 25-mile-Long Chain of barricades that started to. Go up on the East West Berlin Bor Der aug. 13 to halt the flight of refugees is known As Hie Wall what its com position. In reality it is much More than a Wall. At key Points such As the Brandenburg Gate it Isa massive antitank obstacle 8 feet High and 3 feet wide. The semicircular Concrete Wall it self is backed by steel tank traps there and in other strategic Points where the West pm allies could mass their tanks. At Many places the Wall snot a wad at All. Much of Ber Lin is country. It is the let largest City in the world in population. But it is not Metropolis As new York or Lon Don. Much of its 340 Square Miles covers lakes und Woods districts that Are More Rural than suburban. In these areas. The Wall 1s double line of barbed wire Strung on parallel Concrete Potts 7 feet High with More barbed wire criss crossed be tween them. Watch towers 30 to 00 fee thigh behind the barbed wire Overlook the Border. Behind the barbed wire sum Mer cottages have been razed Trees felled and Bushes up rooted to deprive refugees of cover and give communist police a Clear Field of fire. The Wall even runs under ground. Here it consists of policemen guarding subway Tun Nels steel grating in sewers running under the its Way from the Border of the French sector in the North to the american sector in the South it runs 25 mile through Woods country the heart of the City canals a Drivers. At some places such As at Bernauer Strasse it cuts a Street in two. Here the apart ment houses on the Eastern Side of the Street Are part of the Wall. Their tenants have been evacuated and the win Dows bricked up. Where the Telton canal forms the Border on the East Ern Bank there is barbed wire a 5-foot-Dcep ditch behind it and a 20-Yard-Wlde similar barriers exist on the75-mile Border Between West Berlin and East Germany but this Border has been closed for years. ,. Adie Fawl sctt rights of tto. Etter. Then the soviet Leader began playing hot and cold Over Berlin. He set a deadline1961for settlement then dropped it he threatened to sign a peace treat with communist East Germany Walter Tob Feht hated ruler of the entire communist hoc an accusation which the 19-year flow of refugee from East Germany would seem to Bear out. He has an Early history of failure hot like a cat he always has managed to Hind on his feet Iii persistent Success can be traced to his Youthful enthusiasm for communism and his never wavering obedience to Moscow. There have been occasions when Ulbricht appeared to disa Gree with the Kremlin but such suggestions were always refuted. Such instance have Given Rise to frequent speculation that Ulbricht is on his Way out As top Man in East Germany but most qualified observers feel he in As strongly entrenched is Ever. Cigar puffing Ulbricht 68, lives in a sumptuous House in an East Berlin take District re served for the 30 top communist officials. They share a threate restaurant swimming Pool Well insulated cram other East Ger Man.1. Up which would in effect turn controls of Allied Access to the City to the unrecognized East German regime. He could revive the threat any time he chose to do Western position is Clear and unequivocal with no differences of interpretation Berlin has special status by right of occupation of All four Powers United the Western troops Baffin by right of Coj did the russians Andrt Legal basis of their today., the Western power1 heatedly pledged join Berlin As Long As bit totes require and to attack against Berlin tack upon themselves repeated attempts Ament of the German failed. The soviets Oballiet proposal that the two germanic must out on the principle of i nation that is by free the chances for soviet Are Zero because mos believe Moscow fears it East Germany. Three its inhabitants have fled Many thus voting a regime with their feet been described. Discussions on a Gerber in settlement were hem allies with Russia in1950, 1954. A new Effo made at the 1955 Geneva conference and a subs Eque eign ministers conference Progress was Madei in 1959 the West offered prehensile peace plan who bind a solution of the German problems with Al Security arrangements. A Effort failed. . Secretary of state Herter at the time summed position of the unsuccessful it nations the soviet seemed to us to be gradually to Annex. 1 Berlin people to the ecosystem against their Wil cannot be i Tokan edition Aimy Haw a is fou i col tideway p. Smith jr., Usa. It col John j. Cawfield Usa ,.,. Deputy Kincad my Nett Elui d. Man Sydney Label Ciuc Timur in Victory of news Sut Laus Quin any Central Active tit Kim x Cobl new jew Ellit sports Batch Krumn Fatum Tanta a 75344 darn Ladt Alt strip a 741, two in Ryatt 04b9-273, 04189.24 set Patti William c dmm c 842tj, m 7395, a 7-33407 it Unitt Fth How c 49344. 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