European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - May 12, 1963, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Page 4 the stars and stripes sunday May 12, 1943 spotlight of crisis Falls on Haiti dominican leaders Duvalier voodoo expert with clench fist control by inn  Preniqi for 30 years. Papa Doc toured the haitian Countryside passing our pills Here giving some and. Vice  1957, or. Francois Duvalier turned politician cashed in those doses of Medicine for votes an became the president of Haiti today he runs a tight and often brutal dictatorship. One of Haiti s oldest friends the United states has turned on him. H is no secret that Many i Washington want Duvalier out. The United states Cut off its Aid in 1961 because of what i considered under handedness by Duvalier in extending his term a president. He was elected in 1957 to a  term. But in May 1961, be declared himself re elected until1967 after balloting in which his candidacy was never announced. His name had appeared on the ballots far a new  original six year term sex. Pres wednesday. This is the Date an organization called the United revolutionary forces has declared it will launch a revolt to overthrow him. Bespectacled Duvalier won the presidency on the bails of his popularity among the improver shed Black masses jamming the mountainsides and valleys of this teeming Caribbean nation. It promised to Lead them out of their hunger and poverty. He said he would save the Pau ant from superstition an dirt. Duvalier is an expert on Voo Doo he wrote the Book the evolution of voodoo in 1044 Andt Hla won him More favor among haitians who still practice it Mystic rites. He looks on voodoo As a valid religion that has been distorted by foreigners. A priest observes Haiti is do per cent Catholic 10 per cent protestant and 100 per cent Voo  the voodoo religion is a Strong basis of fear of evil spirits. Do. Valler skilfully plays upon his people s spiritual fears. Francois Duvalier was born import a Prince the haitian Cap Tat april 14. 1909. He was graduated from the capital s school of Medicine in js34 and 10 years later studied at the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Returning to Haiti he worked with the a medical Mission and helped in a Campaign  and yaws a disease that covers the body with sores. In 1950, a Uvallar joined group opposing Jpn Paul Kun gone mag lore. In 1954. Dunn Lucr went int hiding. He gave up his medical prac Tice and begin building an under ground against Maglore. He came out of hiding in sep tember 1956 under r general am Nesty declared by Maglore and immediately announced his Candi Dacy for president Duvalier is an outwardly mild Francois Duvalier. Papa �00 and voodoo Man but shrewd. To counter opposition in the haitian army he a formed a personal civilian militia called the Tonton Macoule or bogeymen. Heavily armed and fanatic Duvalier followers the Tonton a Coute strength is double that of the 6.000-Man army. Duvalier is married and has three daughters and one son. As president he has failed Tolive up to his promises to improve Haiti s Economy. The United states has poured in to million in Loans and Grants since 1957. But most of Haiti s 4 million people still live in poverty. Per capita income is about so n year. Only about one person in 10ran read and write in Haiti and some observers believe the rate is Van lower. Reliable statistics do not exist. For example a medical team As signed to a country area with population of 90.000 according to Foll Cal statistics found 330.000 persons living in the zone. Infant mortality is known to be tragically High but there Are no records. One haitian doctor Esti mated the mortality Rale As High As 50 per cent. Political struggles Are waged inthe capital but not far from port a Prince Are peasants who do not even know who is  Are unaware that the world is round. They Hove never heard of the United states or Europe. The live quietly. They almost never Sec Money they barter. They know Only toil a doily struggle to exist in the Ever present shadows of disease and death. Yet in their misery haitian people generally Are courteous rather than cold gentle rather than violent Quick to laugh an dance. Duvalier s efforts to stir Savage passions against Whites and for Eigners has alarmed Many not Only foreigners but even some haitians. Pain Doc has pledged he will keep his Iron grip on the coun try and eliminate the  if Dunn Lorr fulls the greater problem will remain to break Nnoli a Iron grip the historical ionizing Jar up of corruption poverty disease an illiteracy. Fear is in the voice of a Smil ing haitian who turns aside an inquiry saying i Hove 5 children to Dolce rare of. Therefore i Don t know any thing about  fear haunts the negro mulatto and White foreigner. There is fear of torture of death of invasion or betrayal. There is fear of the unknown of uncontrollable violence of a cataclysm of savagery and the country is a blazing inferno. Fear also is in the bravado of Duvalier proclaiming to a mob of his supporters bullets and machine guns capable of frighten ing Duvalier do not  but in the Naglit Duvalier Send Shl Drc nil troops on a ruthless manhunt for Clement Barbot his former bodyguard the Man who organized his brutal secret police Force broke with Duvalier and now has sworn to kill him. Theories on alcoholism blast div Frum mow. Y Frank cake St. Louis to. A men purposely made intoxicated  a 34-Dy scientific drinking tart have upset some common theories about alcoholism a har. Vard psychiatrist . Jack h. Mendelson of her Vard medical school and Massachusetts Genera Hospital told about the scientific spree in a report to the closing session of the american psychiatric Asso Dalton a annual meeting. Ten men All with a history of compulsive drinking Over period ranging from six to 22 Yean took part in the Experiment conducted at the Massachusetts correction a institution. They got a drink of whisky sixties a Day around the clock Day and night for 24 Days wit the dosage being gradually in creased As follow six to 30 ounce a Day for the tint live Days 30 ounces a Day or the next two weeks and then 40 ounces a Day for the Latte let Day after which they were abruptly shut off. So la doctors could appraise the extent of withdrawal symptoms. Here Are the major findings All of which Are at variance with previous concepts while All the men had Bee drink less for periods up to 37 Daj a before the test there Wasno evidence of craving for liquor in the Early stage of the Experiment. The boys took that first drink very calmly sipping it for 10 to 15 minutes thus challenging the old idea that the first drink Sci the alcoholic fire so he can t Stop. Beginning with the old Phaneof the test anxiety began to in crease among the men contrary to statements that alcohol neutralizes  in variance to the View that the alcoholic wants to isolate him self from everybody even from other chronic drinkers social interaction remained High at least through the my phase of the test with the men exhibiting a great Deal of care and concern for one another. Also during this sump period six of the men got mildly inebriated and conviviality in creased. There were some episodes of singing and the subjects tended to talk louder. Only after the consumption of Large quantities of whisky did the craving come on. The men got really drunk Dur ing the final 404mne�ft-a-Day, period. Some of them begged for More and faster drinks and they even took the clock Down from the Wall so they would t be re minded of How Long it would be until the next drink. They had been eating the regular 1.800-calorie prison diet but at this stage most of the men developed decreased desire for food. After the cutoff eight of the 10 showed withdrawal symptoms with their hangovers not abating entirely for seven , on the eighth Day ail the men were Bock at their regular prison jobs. Bosch anti red fighting against hunger with Hope by the  press Juan Boch. The Quirt unas suming son of it peasant is in Akey role in the latest Caribbean crisis. The 53-year-old Bosch was virtually unknown among latin american politicians until he was swept into the presidency of the dominican Republic last Decem Ber in the country s first free elections in 38 years. Today he finds himself spot lighted into the area of world Affan standing firmly against Juan both hunger is Jan Perrou Francois Duvalier president of neighbouring Haiti on the Island of Hispaniola. An extremely patient Man Bosch is staunchly Natl communist and has been placed beside such opponents of Moscow As president Romulo Betancourt of Venezuela governor Luis Munoz Marln of puerto Rico and Jose flu Eros. Former president of Costa Rica. Like Betancourt Bosch s strength ups with the peasant my country is one of Hope ant hunger lie said on a trip to the United states last year. A million dominicans go toned at night not knowing if they will eat the next Day. Hunger la very dangerous for  Bosch won the presidency list year after promising help for the one in three dominicans who lev from hand to Mouth. In this respect he seems to by following in the footsteps of fail Friend Betancourt. In Venezuela. Betancourt who also took Over in the uhes of dictatorship concentrated his development program on the needy peasants in the Hills in valleys. Bosch is great for land  promises peasants their own plot of land Ted in Opportunity to earn an income from it this May upset his polities opponents whose strength 111 in the title. But helping the peasant Bai saved Betancourt s regime and it May provide the footing for Bosch s kind of democracy la a land with a Long and bloody his tory of revolt and dictatorship Bosch s obscurity until h j alas ton was indicated in a reference Book of in ten american Leaden published More than a decade ago which allotted him co wards. Recognized As an author Hamade the Book Only on the strength of his writings. The Only hint us to his politics was tha phrase now living in extra born in la Vega in the heart of the peasant Belt Bosch is forced to drop his education Early in life and enter business. After Rafael Hector tru Joia became dictator More than so. Years ago Boich went into Aua living and writing Molt of to bedtime in pre Costro Havana. 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