European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - October 16, 1964, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Friday october 16, 1964 the stars f 10 stripes polls Khrushchev Rose from peasant beginnings new Boss i Row Piaf ring through the Kremlin shout ing Khrushchev is a fool. Khrushchev quipped that theman got three years ror insulting the parly Secretary undo ror revealing a slate Sec  he poured the Countryside making speeches with popular Appeal. He plugged the folks theme As a former Metal worker. When i live Din a mud hut. Khrushchev the Man one diploma called an amiable chatter Box was All the time consolidating i position. He teamed up with Malen Kov and others in 1953 to eliminate secret police chief Lav renal Berla. Two years late u ims be Taafel in Ellb motor As is old irleand Kaga Mulc. Spuk Oil  Aad install As a Premier Ike  Nikolai Bulj Sala. At the same time Khrushchev was broadening his experience overseas. In 19m, beheaded delegations to Czecho Slovakia and Poland and latin the year went to peking to negotiate a soviet chinese treaty. This treaty settled the major outstanding territorial and economic questions betwee the two Greal world communist Powers including the return of port Arthur to China. Distinguished foreigners vis iting Moscow increasingly round it wus Khrushchev the were seeing und Khrushchev who was making  july 1955, Khrushchev was with Bulg Nln when the rus sians gathered at Geneva for u Summit meeting Ullh president Wicht d. Eisenhower. Brit ish p r 1 m e minister Anthony Eden and French Premier Edgar Faure in an Effort tease East West tensions. It was noticeable that Bulga Nln. The ostensible head of government deferred to the Little parly Secretary. Khrushchev now had arrived on the cold War scene which his name was to Domi Nie for years to come of Ike communist Side. Talk of co existence Between comma alsm and capitalism  Kepi alive West Ern Hopes that a real thaw had come in soviet policy when in february 19m. Tie made a famous secret speech at the 20th Congress of the communist party in Moscow denouncing Stalin s reign of terror. Recalled the Man he had Lor Merly served faithfully u , falsified of history and military  spoke of plans for a Brave new Russia. He Mude Gay Tours of Britain and India. Khrushchev however still did not reign supreme. And lil plans suffered a severe Sel Back when the anti Seal nest wave sparked unrest in Poland and  trouble in the satellites culminated in the june 1imhungarian revolt. Khrushchev Lind his fellow russian Leude Liput it Down ruthlessly. Inside the communist party s ruling body. The presidium khrushchev1 enemies begun Logau up on him. Al Sou a Khrushchev was Ithema staling Russia s Case to the world he wan lighting Battle at Home to bold his Power old hard line stalinist. Including Molotov and Kagano Volch teamed with Malenkos. Still a member of the presidium and other technocrats in june 1957, to demote Kru Sychev from from the Post of first Secretary. The anti Khrushchev auction won a majority in the presidium voting. Khrushchev no used his popularity within the party organization to fightback. For Many years under Stulin the presidium Hud been considered the unchallengeable authority on parly matters. Khrushchev however summoned to Moscow the 255 members of the Central committee and go them to reverse the presidium s decision. Khrushchev bark la Par by Power Slick Back against Els opponents. A month later la july 1957. Molotov male Kov and Kaga Molck were expelled from the Presl Dum. Marshal Georgl a Haikov was ousted from the Post of min ister of defense shortly after Ward. His downfall came while he was on a trip abroad Anowai arranged to prevent the army backing the Anil Khrushchev group now to be known As the anti party faction. Khrushchev was helped in his bid ror Power by several timely events which could recalled politician s Luck. There wus the tremendous prestige he extruded from the russian real of gelling the first Satel Lite into space in october 1957. Also living conditions were improving inside the country As Industrial Progress became More  was now ready to bid for absolute control. There wok talk or another Summit meet ing with Western leaders and Khrushchev. Persuaded in communist parly Central com Mittee that he needed the Sta Tus of Premier to Deal directly with or. Eisenhower and oth ers. On March 17, 1058, he wus named chairman of the user Council of ministers or prime minister. At name. Khrushchev bid ror grass roots popularity. He poured extensively and tirelessly throughout Russia visiting cooperative farms and Facto Ries. He Drew on his Youthful experiences to Cross examine workers Ullh an expert knowl in Jin january 1959. At the 21slcommunist parly Congress he launched a drive Lor rust eco nomic growth. He suld he would give russians i h world s highest Standard of Liv  his relations Ullh the West. Khrushchev alternated betwee apparent friendliness und a genuine desire for cooperation an open hostility. In the Back ground too. Were the first rumblings of a split with communist China. The chinese were said to be backing Khrushchev s foes inside the Kremlin. In february 195s. British prime minister Harold mat Mil Ian visited Moscow Bat Khrushchev threw cold water on Hopes this meant an improve ment la International relation by delivering an Anil Western speech to Hub coincided  s arrival. Six months later. In july 1959,Khrushchev a nudged in an historic Exchange at the .  exhibition with vice pres ident Richard m.  told Nixon Many Thinius you have Shon us Are inter Esting but they Are not needed in life. They have no useful purposes they Are merely Gad  two men exchanged Sharp words on the respective merits of lie two ways of life communism and  was arrogantly sure communism would Triumph. There were growing indications he was anxious however to avoid War with the West. I september 1959, he accepted president Eisenhower s invitation to visit the United slates. The ebullient Little pre Mier virtually whistle slopped his Way in Kragh the United tales front Washington to los Angeles from ban Francisco through Ike Midwest lie visited factories and made numer Ous Public appearances joking in Flag. Exuding Goodwill an Good humor. To or. Eisenhower he said we want to live in peace and have peaceful  a turning Point seemed Mohave com in relations Between the two blocs. One commentator said thai the cold War had turned into one or Maneu Vernather than or argument from fixed positions. The future of Oer Muny especially Berlin wus the key prob Lem the question of questions As Khrushchev called it. Another Summit seemed the Only Way to Settle it. It wus called for May i960, in  the eve of the meeting the american 112 spy plane was shot Down Over russian Terri tory. Khrushchev exploded in anger. He went truck gently to Paris refused to meet or.  until the president apologized for the u2  Summit conference col lapsed in u flood of Unger and vituperation. The cold War was on full Force a run. Khrushchev returned Lomo scow in the ensuing months he threatened drastic unilateral action Over Berlin but never Al Lowed the Issue to flare int War. It became the subject of endless diplomatic exchanges Ullh Khrushchev apparently in of hurry la Force a  in 1961. Khrushchev arranged a meeting in Vienna with the newly elected presi Dent John Kennedy. Roth me insisted it was nut a policy making Little  , a Chance for the Lead ers of the two major world Powers to get acquainted. It was not u Happy meeting though polite on the surface. Khrushchev had mounting problems both at Home and in his relations with communist China. Soviet agriculture railed in1911 to meet the targets Khrushchev set Lor ii and he devoted a lot of attention to his dream of opening up huge tracts of Virgin land to cultivation. At the Uno party con Cress la Moscow in october 1h1, ii was the spill with pm a i kit occupied muck of Khanu Schev a time. His whole common policy came Der debate Aad Albania backed Mychina accused him of being a reels Loisl of got Bela True to party principles. Khrushchev argued that atthe famous Zola parly Congress when he attacked Stalin methods he had merely been destroying the personality cull. In answer to charges that Ehud revised the marxist Doc Trine of the inevitability of capitalist wars i said thai if his opponents within the party Hud had their Way there would have been u worsening or International relations with dire  this was the practical Sid of Khrushchev asserting itself. He convinced most or the Dele Gates but left the chinese unconvinced. The split in in communist Cump widened. It was True to Khrushchev character that he should stick to the common sense approach to marxism. Never an intellectual he did not aspire to re write the parly s Huhle but once said ii is not wrong in throw in a piece of Bacon Anda piece or Butler in the course of improving the theory  from his declarations How Ever. Ii was Clear he fell that War in the nuclear age would mean destruction for both sides. Khrushchev appeared determined to keep International tension Short of armed clashes while working to spread communism throughout the world. He summed up his theory by telling Western visitors that the communists would defeat the capitalists by outdoing them in All Fields Fly 1980. He promised russians they would lie belter off than any people in the world und esp Cipully Amerl Cuns. Not known to Public by United Preu  throughout he Rise from he obscurity of factory Bench up the soviet ladder of  Nikolayev tech Kosygin never Memed to be shooting for the top. Quiet even Why colourless an arid conversationalist them year old economic expert and  hid remained Little known even Ihli own country. But for men Yean Krem Lin Motchen had considered Krygin among Rubula i prob Able Post Khrushchev Rater citing Lii survival of a Ter Letof 3ostw�r stalinist purges As evidence of is skill in Krem Lin in flick Tang. Born feb. A 1im into poor worker family Kosygin at 19, volunteered to fight wit the red army in the Post Revo Lution civil War where his Tea was noted by communist superiors. But after a series of Industrial jobs he had risen no higher than Foreman in a Leningrad textile Plant by us. While Stalin s purges were eliminating vast numbers of soviet officials throughout the country to Sygen was named a factory director in 1917 and the following year became mayor of  War engulfed the soviet Union Stalin made Kosygin one or his Deputy premiers in 1mo and three years later the hollow eyed rarely smiling aide became chairman of the Council of commissars of Lite huge russian Republic. Kosy Gln s first entry into the top most Council of Power came in1148 when he was named an Ull Canale member of the communist party politburo. Two year inter he was a full Mem Ber. In 1141 and 1m9 Stalin purge nearly All members of the it called Leningrad gang executing Many parly chieftains. Mild mannered Kosygin sur Vived. In 1954 Kosygin. By then recognized As one of the nation s top technical administrators look Over the consumer goods Industry and again ran the Al nun ministry. Brezhnev reached top in seven years by a lord press International in onid i. Brezhnev who has taken Over from no kill s. Khrushchev us Leader of in soviet communist parly hit the lop of the .s.r. Hierarchy i seven Short years. It was evident hut Brezhnev was considered the Crown Prince of the parly und heir apparent a Khrushchev s Tost us first Secretary at the communist party or the soviet Union . When he wus bumped up to first Deputy Premier lust july 15.until then. The Bushy haired lire Inlet Luil we chairman of the presidium of the supreme soviet of the .s.r., or presi Dent of the soviet Union which was mainly a figurehead  succeeding the axing marshal Kolment y. Orosh Lovus titular soviet chief of stale on May 7. Ism. The previously Little known Brezhnev travelled abroad extensively made major Kremlin policy speeches and look on u number of key Parl tusks for Khrushchev. His vigorous activity As in normally Orn mental chairman of the presidium added Woli Tilto reports the Burly Brezhnev was Khrushchev s  stroke and partial paralysis which incapacitated Frol Koz Lov Long considered k h r u Schev s leading successor gave Brezhnev the Chance to be thrust into the  has stayed Clear of some of Khrushchev s  kept out of the running ideological Debute with peking that has split world communism leaving himself clean for any possible attempt at reconciliation with the chinese. The Elc Juliun of lire/hue.-,the 57-year-old son or u steel worker to the Post of communist party Leader lops his career of metallurgical Engi Neer und Nul Limal president. Born dec. 19. 1906. In Une . Brezhnev joined the communist youth league ut17, became u  Engineer und managed to Rise rapidly through communist party ranks during the great Stal Inist purges of the 1930 s. He met Khrushchev at that time und their political paths were never far  gained the rank of a Ina or Gen Crul during world War ii having held various important political commissar posts with the army. As he Rose in Post War civil Ian life. Brezhnev was Given among other jobs the Tough one of launching Khrushchev s controversial Virgin lands far program. In 1957, he became a full cml Erol the ruling presidium. He bundled primarily Domestic assignments until his  us president fou years ago. Although at times described us a colourless bureaucrat Brezhnev wus an energetic politician who impressed Amer ican officials he came in you tact with. Al Home he won the reputation of u Man with a Broad smile und a Down to Earth sense of humor. Brezhnev has devoted himself to the communist party for the last 32 years.i.cs8 than two months ago Brezhnev became the highest ranking soviet Leader Ever to set foot in Vatican , who is married and has a daughter , was highly decorated during the War