European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - October 30, 1964, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Fog 4 the stars and strips Friday october 30, economic Ycu rising i of 9 t allure of physics re Reimal Prosperity Issue r t i o ii Fri. Aled to Nobel raze lacking in 1ms Campaign by Harry w. Frant Washington Topi the presidential race has caused violent clashes about evaluations of fitness for the White House morality and ability to handle International affairs but no about the traditional Issue of  a sustained Rise in Many of the economic indicators since president John f. Kennedy was inaugurated i january. Ini the Johnson Camp has been in n position to describe october As the 44th month of the current economic  while the business  rising. Sen. Barry Goldwater Obj lonely found i belter to Challenge Ike John son administration a blues tier than us slate of lie  Many campaigns the Mer its or evils of big business offered a favorite topic to con tending politicians but the Goldwater Challenge is to big  believe the Large margins for or. Johnson in the Public opinion polls May have ruling party by Jorge Canelas la Paz Bolivia a problems Are piling up for Vic Tor Paz Estensoro less than three months after his inauguration for a third four year terms president of Bolivia. Politi Cal experts believe the armed forces May have to step in to solve them. On Souter of trouble is a Lon record of friction Between Paz and is vice presidents this time Gen Rene Barrientos 42, a former air Force chief who has Given military rightists a powerful voice in the govern ment. Another difficulty is faction All Patlon of the ruling parly the National revolutionary movement. The party s Choice of Barrientos for the no. Spot on the bucket in a june Lection displeased the 17-year-old chief exec Uve. Squeezing he government of this Mountain Nason from the left la the powerful pro communist tin miners Union beaded by former vice presi Dent Juan Lechon. The government announced five weeks ago u had smashed the attempted coup. Paz exiled former presiden theman sales Zuazo who is an other of i vice pm Ilonis and � other politicians to Paraguay As the promoters Ouw uprising. He proclaimed a state of siege or modified mar still i a and imposed press Wii Jui , who has survived men Sast notion attempts Cam out against the censor ship and also against the us of troops to combat rightist  clash Between Paz and bar Lentos expressed la harsh telegrams and tetters led to rumours of an impending  divisions in the National revolutionary movement Are great opposition parties seem in no position to  Are Small and Weals. The economic Outlook for this nation of 4 million remains grim. Been influenced by popular a claims of Prosperity and its expected continuance if  is elected. It is recalled that after the Coolidge Boom in the 1920s Herbert Hoover Republican was elected Over Alfred Smith Democrat by the record popu Lar majority of 21,992,000 against 15,016,000.the most objective measure ment of the economic trend during the Kennedy Johnson administration is afforded bythe Bureau of the census publication business Cycle  it is strictly statistical an contains no texts or interpretations. The october Issue gave the Long term statistical series with  and Downs from Jan uary 1961, through september 1m4 some of the changes which presumably Woald influence the Public in an election year were indicated As follows the Gross National product Gnu the total of expenditures for goods and services at the end of 1960 was at a annual Rale of 1501.4 billion. In August 1964 it was at an annual rate of 1627.5  National personal income in january 1961 was at an an Nual rate of 1405.0 billion in september 1964 at m97.6  production with the average for 1957-1959 As the base figure of 100 in january 1961 had an Index figure of 104.in september 1964, the Index was 114.in january 1961 the number of employees in  was 5j.72j.ooo in september 1964, 59,039,000. The unemployment Rale in january Ini was .7 per rent in september 1964, u percent. In january 1961, construction contracts for commercial and Industrial buildings covered floor space of 96.31 million Square feet in August 1964,46.30 million Square feet. In 1961, . Exports excluding military Aid shipments were within a monthly rang Between a minimum of 11,581 billion and a maximum of$1,779 billion. In the first eight months of 1964 the monthly Range was Between 12,004 Bil lion and 12,114 billion. Cambridge. Mass. Up the beautifully logical Struc Ture of physics which fascinated or. Charles hard Townes As a College Sophomore has rewarded him with a Nobel  fascination spurred the Massachusetts Institute of Ashta in 19ft Eros Charles ii. Townes Maser beam aiding space studies Stockholm up the Maser laser principle which earned the scientists behind tithe Nobel prize for physics is a discovery of immense value in Long Range space communications and in gathering new information from Distant plan ets find galaxies. The Maser microwave amplification by stimulated emis Sion of radiation is in fact the first noiseless High Fidelity amplifier in the world. Unlike Ordinary radio amplifiers which always generate a slight noise of their own the Maser is almost noiseless and therefore can be used for amplifying radio signals so weak that they would be drowned by the background noise of a conventional amplifier. The laser is an optical Maser and can be used to boost Light Waves loan immense strength. At the University of Michi Gan radio Telescope a Maser device made it possible for the first time in history to Register the natural radio emission from Saturn and other planets. The radio be taken major mounted at the Center of the Telescope s parabolic reflect Rand consists of a Box contain ing a synthetic Ruby which i chilled in a Bath of liquid helium to Only a few degrees above absolute Zero. The refrigerated Gem i the amplifying part Ouw device and the helium is used to Stow Down us motions of the atoms and electrons in us Ruby so that us noisy collisions Between them Are reduced to a minimum. The first Maser came inn being in Charles Townes mind when be sat on Par Bench in Washington i 1951, Walling for n nearby restaurant to open so be could get his  said that before he got his breakfast he thought head the answer to the problem he Hud been brooding Over an three years later he super Vised the construction of the first Maser at the Columbia University radiation Labora tory. Among other things it was used to control an atomic clock so accurately that ii varied Althe rate of one second in 300 years. The Maser laser is u device that picks up Energy Light or radio Waves greatly increase their strength and then sends them on their Way in powerful highly compressed beams. Since Townes built his first Muser the device has Boi n re fined and has been put to Man uses. It has been used to Check Einstein s theory of relativity u feat that has been de scribed As the most precise scientific Experiment eve made. In other experiments the mater has been used to detect radar echoes on Venus Lostay the effects of Gravity and High velocity on Lime the speedup Light and us characteristics of radiation emitted by Sun resin Distant galaxies. The Maser principle also has revolutionized radar and elec tronic amplifiers in communications equipment. A Early a 1159, a Maser was used to carry radar penetration 100 times beyond the Range of the Earth to Moon radar contacts made  understand the complicated operation of the Maser or laser to must first a realized that in any group of atom there is always a continuous traffic Between Tow and High Energy states. The atoms keep changing up and Down betwee Energy Levels excited to higher Energy Levels by Chance Colli Sions or falling to lower Energy isst-stT1" l"-lur1--under Ordinary conditions there Are More atoms at Low Energy Levels than at High Energy Levels. When Bajamo radiation is passed through  an Ordinary group of atoms the strength of it is partly absorbed by the Low Energy atoms and the outgoing beam will be weaker than the incoming one. In the Maser the atoms have been excited to a higher Energy level by electromagnetic radiation and the whole process is reversed. The excited atoms Lac away their accumulated Energy and instead of weaken ing the incoming beam boosts it to immense strength. The optical Maser laser works on the same principle. In principle a laser could generate a Light beam less than a Hundredth of a degree  laser beam could be used As a Light radar to take de tailed pictures in technology Mit Provost to conceive the idea for the while he strolled in Luton one Spring morning in the invention led to a nation in radio and physics _ parable in its Impact Only the opening of the Micro Crft Region. Many people told me to idea would t work said dm149-year-old father of font. Daughters but i went Ahsa anyway with some associates willing to take the  the idea worked and word Maser an which stands for i amplification by St emission of radiation a physics  education in his Greenville s.c., limited to grades Townes was a school graduate at age 1his activities the swimming team Ike lege newspaper and Heball band while in Road earning Summa Cam Lanao  degrees in i and modern languages Furman University in in. He completed work Formatter s degree at Duke ii Versley in 1936 and gained doctoral from the Call Institute of technology lie holds nine honorary i Townes went to work for Tbell Telephone laboratories i the next eight years Par which was spent doing search during world War radar bombing systems. We tested the systems by dropping an endless an of bombs through the  Over the Caribbean Townes  research directed Hill attention to the Field of a Lars wave spectroscopy which Hal foresaw As a new analyst tool for the study of atoms i molecules. This Effort was that i a Frances Braw Olin n ii in 1941 f sent t next 12 years at pr9��r p18 " la or space stations. In a i Nejo Ned met. Surop san coition col no Olav p. Amit aim fomc.1 1"n.v., us a act mirth 1, uhf