European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - September 9, 1967, Darmstadt, Hesse                              Guardsmen rioters clash at it. Meade md., summer Camp. Sniper in window adds realistic touch. Alabama guardsmen below i it train for riots. A by Gaylord Shaw a staff writer in the Wake of a summer of riot which have torn across the United states a shift in training of National guard units has applied the principles of War to the control of civil disorder in Hopes that uprisings can be controlled better in the future. The half million guardsmen also Are being taught new methods of dispersing mobs ferreting out snipers quickly apprehending looters and protecting utilities hospitals Banks and communications Media. Meet Force with greater Force but avoid bloodshed reads one of 16 de tailed lesson plans supplied to National guard instructors last month. The army prepared the lesson plan when the Pentagon at White House direction following the Detroit and new Ark riots ordered a five fold increase in the National guard s riot control train ing. In lesson plan no. 11, under a Section titled application of the principles of War to riot control operations this statement appears an examination of military Litera Ture has indicated that the principles of War Are applicable to All types of Mili tary situations. These principles Are also Basic in the execution of riot  the principles  War Are generalized statements of Basic strategy such As Economy of Force Man Euver Unity of command Surprise and  be always been taught that the principles apply to almost everything one officer said but they re emphasizing them now because we re getting into More situations that resemble actual combat rather than just breaking up  guardsmen also Are being told in the series of special lectures to give extra Protection to certain Community instal lations. The loss of the Supply of water and Power can seriously endanger the health of the Community the lesson plans say. The seizure of stored weapons in armoires clubs or arms stores can increase violence the destruction of important government buildings can seriously disrupt procedures of govern ment mob control of Banks Post offices or hospitals May Lead to collapse of the society and mob control of communication Media can readily gain psycho logical advantage for further spread of the  the lesson plans indicate future rioters can expect to be confronted with sophisticated military equipment. Helicopters May hover Over the Rio zone illuminating it with powerful flood lights. More tanks and machine gun equipped patrol vehicles May cruise the streets. Greater use May be made of tear Gas. Maj. Gen. Francis s. Greenlief Deputy chief of the National guard Bureau said while some principles of War apply to riot control situations the main emphasis is on using Only the minimum Force required to restore  this same Point is emphasized repeat edly in the lesson plans. If it Ever be comes necessary for guardsmen to open fire on rioters one document says troops should aim Low to disable rather than  most important Greenlief added in a interview is the rapid response with adequate numbers of uniformed disciplined firm troops when disorders break out. Maj. Gen. James f. Cantwell new Jersey s adjutant general agrees. This is a new Ball game guerrilla Type action and sniper shooting cant bayonets Are sheathed in it. Meade training session As guardsmen face fellow soldiers in riot bayonets would be Bare. Grim religious sign on tree overlooks Tuscaloosa ala., guard riot training area. Well said. Well have to commit forces rapidly. That Means the Junior office will have to make the decision on the  maj. Gen. Glenn c. Ames Californi adjutant general said he Learned last year the effectiveness of responding quickly with a Large Force. We did Itin san Francisco and i m convinced it cooled it measurably he  Michigan s adjutant general maj. Gen. Clarence c. Schnipke said his troops discovered in Detroit that train ing in mob control simply in t enough. This is not the problem he said. Wodin t have to disperse one crowd in Detroit. This is in City fighting  it was on the heels of the Detroit Rio that president Johnson directed defense Secretary Robert s. Mcnamara to re Vise National guard riot control train ing. The new schedule issued aug.10, Calls for All guardsmen to receive at least 32 hours of riot control training in August and september. In addition command personnel Are to receive an extra 16 hours training. A Pentagon Survey a few weeks ago showed some states were giving Only six hours of riot control instruction a  before this summer Only four Iwers of annual training was required although some units received More. The new lesson plans stress seven major Points. Guardsmen Are told to pre vent formation of crowds disperse crowds and mobs rapidly apprehend known or suspected mob leaders main Tain a Neutral attitude not Harangue threaten or Bluff use Only necessary Force and always provide avenues of escape for mobs being dispersed. The plans also detailed specific techniques to be used. First is a show of Force the arrival of troops on the scene. Listed next is deployment in riot control formations then use of fire hoses and Yater cannons then employment of irritant nontoxic gases like tear Gas. Then two More severe Steps Are listed fire by selected marksmen or use of unit fire or full fire Power. Members of the mob May attempt to inflict casualties within the unit through the use of Small arms fire demolitions grenades and other lethal devices the lectures state. We must be prepare to counter this Type of mob action with a More severe measure of Force such As fire delivered by selected  available unit fire Power with the intent of producing extensive casualties would be ordered the lesson plans say As a last resort Only after All other measures have failed or obviously would be impractical and the consequences of failure to completely subdue the riot would be imminent overthrow of the government continued mass casualties or similar grievous conditions. It has never been used by Federal  the guard strives for realism in it riot control Field exercises. At it. Meade md., where 1,200 District of Columbia guardsmen recently held summer Camp an area of abandoned world War ii Era buildings has been converted into a mythical big City slum wryly dubbed the heavenly Hill Section of Crystal City . In heavenly Hills one Day recently a mob of rioters guardsmen in to shirts surged past Joe s liquor store boarded up former Supply building with bricks and bottles in  headed for the precinct police station a sagging old Barracks with peeling yellow paint. Let s get pm shouted the mob Leader waving a club and leaping Over an upside Down sofa in the Middle of the Street. Burn baby Burn shrieked another Ritter As he plunged through Clouds of Gray smoke billowing thanks to a smoke grenade from a battered car. But when the rioters neared the police station they were met by two wedges of steel helmet soldiers. Disperse Dis Perse the soldiers grunted As he waded into the mob bayonets lowered. At this Point the mock riot became Little too realistic. The instructor blew his whistle and admonished the rioters not to swing their clubs so close to the guardsmen s faces. Then with another blast of his whistle and the terse command riot the exercise  training instructs commanders to pick one member of each squad prefer ably a crack Marksman to serve As a counter sniper. Except under extreme conditions this is the Only member of the squad who would be allowed to fire Back at a  Down a barrage accomplishes nothing constructive and endangers the lives of innocent bystanders lesson plan no. 8 says. Although lesson plan no. 8 says the selected Marksman should open fire Only on specific orders lesson plan no. 13says selected marksmen can be most effective when authority is Given them to open fire without orders on individuals or groups who commit any overt act which seriously endangers the lives of  guardsmen Are told looting will nor Mally Start with liquor stores arms am munition stores and drug stores but that looters will soon Start taking any and every thing  looting begins the lectures say troops should Seal off the area. Concertina wire is considered the Best mate rial for the rapid construction of Tempo Rary roadblocks against personnel they  next step is Quick apprehension of looters followed by rapid mass re Moval of the violators from the affected area and the establishment of guard posts and saturation patrols. While foot patrols Art Neces sary Oik lesson plan says  have the additional advantage Page 12 the stars and stripes saturday september 9, 1967 the Staps and stripes of appearing to the population As if the troops Are every place at once. The use of Pedestal mounted machine guns on the patrol vehicles has a psychological As Well As a real  and the lectures say armoured vehicles should be employed where available and prac tical tanks and armoured personnel Carri ers provide Shock action which May assist in deterring would be rioters and at a mob gathering help to convince the rioters to  when operating in buildup areas guardsmen Are told to secure roof top before troops Are sent into the Street below. Where roof tops vary in height guardsmen May cover with Small arms fire adjoining lower roof tops to pre vent casualty producing objects from being thrown onto the riot control  lesson plans contain other tips like using Dye in water to Spray rioters so they can be identified later. Guard commanders Are obviously hopeful that their new training will not be needed but feel summer Camp 1967 has had an Aura of reality unmatched in Many earlier sessions. Page 13