European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - September 13, 1967, Darmstadt, Hesse                                By Austin Scott a staff writer the Story of summer 1967, can be told in two words Black Power. After 14 months of bitter debate. Blac Power began to Point toward a goal. As the summer began the pm rash Wasa confusing emotional rallying cry pm braced by a few negroes abhorred by Many More and distrusted by Whites who feared  the end of August every major civil rights group had dealt with it income form because wherever racial problems were Black Power in one fits Many forms was there. National guardsmen poked their machine guns into the Black slums of new Ark and Detroit to find Black Power chalked in huge letters on crumbling Concrete . Rap Brown chairman of the Stu Dent nonviolent coordinating committee shouted it from a platform in Cam Bridge md., and was indicted for in citing to riot when arsonists burned part of Cambridge after his , reacting to what it considered the riot potential of Black Power killed a rat control Bill and passed one aimed at rioters. But As the summer progressed incident by flaming incident from Boston and Tampa to Cincinnati and Dayton and then to the wild paroxysm that left 27 dead in Newark and 43 in Detroit there were signs that Black Power was maturing shedding some of the extremist definitions of its Early  riots hastened the process of definition. Negro leaders spent Many sleep less nights trying to think of a Way to Cope with a rebellion they could not  said they agreed with movement theoretician Bayard Rustin that the so Cial problems underlying riots give them enormous implications for the future of All  cannot be dismissed merely As wild inchoate sprees of looting and Vio Lence the expressions of criminal greed Rustin said. The social prob lems bring in people who would ordinarily not be found looting stores. It i because of this background that snipers and the most violent elements can fee that their actions Are in some sense , Hen the National Urban league last major civil rights organization toehold its annual convention met some better known leaders who term them selves responsible militants were say ing they thought they had found a answer Black Power. Their definitions had been stripped of violent or anti White connotations. What they retained was an emphasis on racial Pride an Community organization rather than integration. William h. Booth new York City commissioner of human rights and aboard member of the National association for the advancement of Colore people went As a Delegate to the Black Power conference in Newark to plea for his version even though the a act has condemned the idea As racist and  Mckissick whose Congress of racial Equality made Black Power formal part of its Constitution in july denied that it was racist or  m. Young jr., executive director of the Urban league explained Why the league sent several delegates to the Black Power conference we Felt it was a segment of negro life and opinion in this country. It is no True that Only hatred and ridiculous statements came  workshops dealt with things Oiler ethnic group Lias engaged in Alliese efforts and Tsi ii Polleit Power until 1 1 Ley did these things"9 Page 12 hmf4ieirilettil militants did More Good than harm says a act s Roy Wilkins. Up we could agree with. The need to eliminate feelings of inferiority the need to organize negro communities. Every other ethnic group has engaged in these efforts and has t gotten Power until they did these things. But they did t shout about it. They just moved in quietly and took Over the pol ice department of new York City the police department of  what had happened to the civil rights movement once characterized by marches and sit ins for Laws to enforce equal rights if it was t dead As Mckissick had been saying since january it certainly was t easily recognizable. Old allies suddenly changed position. The non violent Southern Christian leadership conference announced a series of afro american Unity conferences with every sector of the negro Community including negroes who openly advocate rioting and  Roy Wilkins executive director of then Acap said the militants did More Good than harm that they gave both negroes and Whites a needed shaking up. A change had to come some experts said because mounting frustrations in big City slums and a decline in White support for the civil rights movement caused in part by three years of riots had finally shown the Oid ways were no longer adequate. This impasse curiously has Bee born out of Success not failure said author Charlese Silverman in a speech to the Urban league. The civil rights movement has gained most of its traditional objectives the legislation is now on the books. Inmost areas of the United states negroes Are having something like Equality be fore the Law. But negroes still find life in  intolerable How could that be in the richest country on Earth in the richest Era Ever the nation s leaders civil rights an otherwise did not Lack for answers. The air was full of them. A punitive con Gress said sen. Edward Brooke d mass., first negro elected to the unite states Senate by popular vote. " a society wild with racism Saidur. Martin Luther King or. The Viet Nam War said its opponents. Federal failure to enforce existing Laws said  everyone criticized what they describe As continual deliberate slap sat negro Pride from harassment by pol ice to the atomic Energy commission s decision to Grant a $350 million atom smasher contract to Weston 111., even though the Illinois legislature reneged on its Promise to pass a fair housing Law. But most of All the problems comedown to the familiar triumvirate Edu cation jobs and housing problem which poll takers said negroes believed would not be solved without Mas Sive financial and administrative Aid from the White Community. And White support for whatever Rea son was not there. There was an Assumption that once eco eci i to til i Mility of Opportunity was gained Liali to of results would follow Sil Man said. It has to nor is it Likely thoughts formed a thread i these Ough the conventions of every civil its group As they met this summer. Newark Black Power conference Drew wide Range of negro leaders. The stars and stripes up up Stokely Carmichael talked revolution in Havana. Wednesday september 13, 1967 " it is Clear that in this generation most negroes Sivillo live their lives Vith other negroes As each groped for an answer each to some degree came up with similar ideas Community organization with the emphasis on the Young rebuilding Black communities instead of tearing the Clown using Community Power for better jobs schools and housing where Mora land Legal Power had stopped making appreciable headway. It is Clear that in this Genera Tion most negroes will live their lives with other negroes Silverman  that commented one of his listeners is the fact you be got to work with. No use talking about integration with that staring you in the  the More vocal elements in the Vari Ous organizations labelled the new packet of possible solutions Black Power. I qualified for the name they said partly because Stokely Carmichael who spent part of the summer in Havana making revolutionary noises had said it More than a year ago we have to control our own communities. We have to Stop Black businessmen from taking profits and run Ning to the suburbs. We have to get together and show the Man he can mess with  there Are very positive connotation about Black Power said Alexander Allen Eastern regional director of the Urban league. It is very Clear that the use of the slogan is a rallying cry in an Effort to achieve something that docs not no exist. The Central fact of negro life in America is Lack of  it s once understood in a sense of political economic and  image it s Long overdue. To the degree that negroes achieve  will be helpful not Only to them but to the nation As a whole As first Core then the a act then the Urban league struggled with this idea in discussions and workshops it became Clear that there was More con a arsonists burned part of Cambridge md., offer h. Rap Brown Black Power speech. Martin Luther King called . A society wild with racism. Cern among some delegates than the organizations were prepared to officially display. This summer people have just passe the Point of being Able to tolerate it said Allen. Ave be done a great Deal for i lie poo people in the ghetto but apparently the word has not reached Down said Rob Ert Gilder president of the Tampa fla., a act. We have probably fallen into seeking respectability which cuts do in on effectiveness.1 thoughts of Many delegates Weresuk inked up by the director of the hos Ion Urban league a build. La Ardi one renamed Al Elvin Kiu whose shaved head makes him look like an aide to Blac nationalist Ron Kareis a of los Angeles. The Urban league has in Many Way supported the notion that it is important to break up the Black Community he said. It did this inadvertently As i tried to create a free and open society. The Point missed is that the process followed to create a free and open society by other ethnic groups is internal development of that ethnic group. We have tried to leapfrog tins and we have found that we Aren t Able to do this in Masse. As individuals yes but As a Urone no. Community develop ment does not go against the historic american  of in Tiiu groups ready to integrate into society. 1 1 of that premise Sui gise i Esu ius d Tram All of i e Civ a a Illuv i  s la., i us us y i till Liee -. A lusted Mucha ii  Ini of a a i of  emphasis was Laid on div Elup Iny self awareness and racial Pride i Cvitic Stiitt a on a ii i a in the stars and stripes Page 13