European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - May 27, 1968, Darmstadt, Hesse                              A t Ralph if this nonviolent Campaign fails it will bring out the More militant groups who Are just waiting for us to fail up continued fro Page 11 had been strategist for King s 1963 Bir Mingham Campaign of demonstrations. Sulc s 53-member Board of directors apparently is taking a stronger hand in running the organization which has about 150 on the full time staff including 25 additions for the Campaign. It was the Board that elected Abernath president. There have been indications that . King will take a More Active role in the struggle. An accomplished Soprano she helped raise funds before her husband death by giving concerts. King s brother the Rev. A. D. Wil Liams King of Louisville ky., might As sume a stronger role also. After he had met with Abernathy whom he called brother president a. D. King was asked if he would take a More Active direct role in Sulc. Possibly he said but Abernathy had Long been the heir apparent and there was no serious Dis pastor of Dexter Avenue Baptist and within the next year he and Abernathy were leading the historic negro Boycott of City buses in protest of  s Church and Home were bombed in a wave of violence following the Long Boycott. ,rr2thy remained in Montgomery until 1961 when at King s insistence Hie moved to Atlanta accepting the West Hunter pastorate and the Job of Sulc Secretary treasurer. His salary is paid by the Church he receives Only travel ing expenses from Sulc. Abernathy s life has entered in the Church. I think the Church is his firs love said the Rev. Harold Turner 35 one of the two part time ministers who assist Abernathy in his pastoral duties Abernathy has made a Point of preach ing at West Hunter at least first Sunda of each month for the past seven years before he became Sulc president Abernathy spent Only about two nights a week at Home with his wife 38, and children Juandalynn 13 Donzaleigh 10,and Ralph David i �. Abernathy s Humble easygoing Way i private contrasts with the militant speeches at rallies the demands the talk of turning America upside Down " he has used these same words before usually m a figurative sense in keeping with mass meeting tradition of hyper Bole or intentional exaggeration for of we Are going to be free in this generation he said in Birmingham five years ago or report to god in  Abernathy appears in the Leader role at a crucial time in the racial struggle when the whole philosophy of non violence is being tested by the More militant groups. Strong support and outward Unity flowed to Abernathy at the outset of the sssf0?1?, 8 Campaign. What course might be followed in the racial struggle if the Campaign should fail can Only Bea matter of conjecture. B1orn in Alabama s Marengo county where no negroes voted until recent years Abernathy grew up on a farm but admits he was t much of a hand for farm work. He had six Brothers and five Sisters to help. He was drafted into the army before finishing High school and wound up a sergeant after three months at it Devens mass. From there he shipped out with a Supply unit to France Bel am Gem by in 1944 Leavi a the returning Home Abernathy took his Hel or s degree with a major in sociology at Alabama state in Mont Gomery then worked toward a  i Ter s degree at Atlanta University in 1950. He went Back to Alabama state 19 teach intending to pick up his for eign language for the . Church and marriage  accepted in 1951 the pastorate of first Baptist oldest negro Church i Montgomery and a year later married schoolteacher Juanita Odessa Jones of motown Ala. In 1954, King arrived on the scene As Page a with King right gon i widow or brother May take a More Active role the stars and stripes Tat periodically h a e is in 1894, it was1w2, it was the both groups were dispersed scenes of disorder. Neither go Diatel what was demanded eve he government adopted i least the proposals they made ursfk8 a,rmy.,was the Bra Well to do Massillon Ohio Stone operator Jacob Sechler Coxey convinced the economic Depre that time could be solved if the ment would Issue More Mon named a son Legal tender which would be paid out to the for Public works such As building. The cold drizzly easier of 1894, Coxey boarded a buggy Ohio Hometown and headed Washington to press his views Kress. He was accompanied by a1. Taggle band of 100 followers plus half As Many reporters. He called his army a petition boots  Coxey was a sedate Wing a. Episcopalian married and with six Dren. But his adherents weren t As vent ional. His chief lieutenant was i Browne a flamboyant figure fledgling labor movement who Buffalo Bill Buckskin jacket Embla with Silver dollars. In the rank and file of Coxey s was a Cherokee Indian who subsist Oatmeal alone and another a who identified himself Only a great unknown and was a Compaq by a veiled female companion. From Philadelphia a contingent men and a bulldog led by an ally As Christopher Columbus Jones to join forces with  the West coast and Midwest ters of populist sentiment other of marchers organized Only Tori trouble. A group of Coxey ites song no seize a Railroad train in Butte m and there was a clash with Ponce. Coxey s army neared Wai ton apprehension grew among me of Congress and City authorities. Chief William g. Moore announced if the Ohio reformer brought into the City he would be arrested to an 1854 Law making it a crime to anyone into the capital liable to a Public  May 1, 1894, Coxey s aum numbering perhaps 500, ent Redington and paraded to the Steps Capitol. Senators and House me thronged to the windows to Waw arrival Coxey his wife and in their buggy a daughter Dies sin White As the goddess of peace jew coloured horse Carl Browne on a Percheron stallion. C adjusting his i i Lac f nn1 up Coxey sought to speak Fioravand was told by police the Law. He then ask dread a written protest and we monday. Coxey s army and the onus March Jacob Toxcy called his March on Washington in 1894 a petition with boots  by Sam Fogg up staff writer a this Point violence broke out with police and members of the army shoving and punching each other. I when order was restored Coxey Browne and Christopher Columbus Jones re under arrest on charges of walking on the grass. A week later they were fined $5 each and sentenced to 20 Days in jail. The leaderless army scattered with bloodied Heads and crossed into Mary land. Eighty of them were jailed As vagrants and the movement petered out. I Coxey went Back to Massillon and in 11914 led another March to Washington that went virtually unnoticed. He won in term or two As mayor and in 1932iran As a presidential candidate on the i farm labor ticket and lost. But he lived i to see a program launched by Franklin id. Roosevelt that called for payment of i government Money to the unemployed for Public works. A a the Bonus March of world War i veterans had an uglier  year was 1932the year when Apple Sellers were on the Corners and the hit song was brother can you spare a dime in Early May from Portland ore., a contingent of 400 veterans set out for Washington to petition Congress to pass a Bill by rep. Wright Patman d-tex., i that would have required the govern i ment to  but immediately $2 billion in Bonus payments that were not due until 1945., their Leader was Walter w. Waters a 34-year-old jobless fruit Cannery us  idea caught fire and the Bonus expeditionary Force be became a National movement. On May 18, a Small Vanguard of 25 reached the capital fro Chattanooga three Days later another Hundred set out from Philadelphia. Even before Waters and his Oregon veterans reached the capital on May 28, there were 1,000 Bonus marchers inthe City. Their number swelled to Art Esti mated 15,000 by june 29. T in the beginning they were Welcome hospitably. Washington s police superin Pendant Pelham Davis Glassford a re tired brigadier general arranged bar Racks for the Bonus army in unused government owned buildings provided them with Pup tents Straw bedding and army rolling kitchens from surplus government stores. By Early june the army had mushroomed to the Point that Jerry built Camps of tents and shacks were needed. The major ones on the Ana Costia Flats near the Navy Yard were dubbed Camp  Camp Barrett. In july the House passed the Patman Bill and there was jubilation in the vet Erans encampments. But the Senate rejected the Bill and trouble began. On july 25, a protest March was mounted against the White House which had been declared off limits and fight ing broke out Between police and the veterans. Nine were arrested. The fed eral government prodded the District of Columbia to evict the Bonus squatters from the abandoned buildings at the foot of Capitol Hill along the Pennsyl Vania Avenue mall. On july 27, atty. Gen. William d. Mitchell ordered the evacuation of approximately 2,000 veterans from the redbrick partially demolished Homes where the National gallery of Art and som Tennis courts now stand. The evictions began quietly on the morning of thurs Day july 28, in sweltering Washington weather that Rose into the 90s. Just be fore noon fighting broke out Between the veterans and police. New York Public Library Macarthur with his troop after Clearing Anacostia. Up the Bonus March of world War i veterans in 1932 ended in an ugly Melee. It died out when Glassford who had lost his badge in the scuffling mounted a nearby embankment and shouted come on boys let s Call an armistice for lunch  the trouble flared again in the Early afternoon however and the situation deteriorated when a Veteran from Chi Cago William Hashka was shot and killed in a set to with a policeman. About 3 . After a series of consultations at the White House troop from nearby it. Myer crossed the memorial Bridge from Virginia. They had been dispatched by army chief of staff Douglas Macarthur on orders from Secretary of War Patrick  which declared surround the affected area and Clear it without  Hurley added in your orders insist that any women and children who May be in the affected area be accorded every consideration and kindness. Use All humanness consistent with the due execution of this  he troops backed by tanks and machine gun units began their drive about 5 30 . In full View of govern ment workers heading for Home in Rush hour traffic. The veterans fell Back across the mall where they made a stand at Small Park. Tear Gas containers began exploding among the defiant veterans. Bricks from the demolished buildings began flying  cursed soldiers. Soldiers cursed in reply. Cavalrymen began swatting with the Flats of their swords driving the Bonus army before them. Garbage can lids were sailed at the feet of the  Battle lasted until near Sundown when the veterans were routed and be Gan fleeing into Virginia across the Potomac the troops then pointed for Ana Costia where the main Camps of the veterans stood. There was a conference 1968 the stars and stripes Between Waters and army authorities and time was granted for the evacuation of women and children. Shortly after 10 ., the troops moved into the outskirts of the  the cavalrymen was maj. George Patton of world War h Fame. One of those driven out was Joe Angelo from Camden n.j., who claimed he had saved Patton s life in world War Iby dragging him to safety after he had been wounded. Patton thought Angelo was exaggerating a bit. About 11 ., Camp Marks the main Bonus army Center began going up in flames. There were conflicting claims whether the troops or the vet Erans themselves had put the encamp ment to the Torch. Probably it was both. At All events president Herbert Hoover looking out from the Lincoln study in the White House where he was entertaining guests could see the night sky Over Washington flickering with flame. The veterans with their families scattered Pell Mell into nearby Virginia an Maryland. Virginia police sent them Back into Washington the next Day and Thev were hustled into Maryland then hustled on their Way to Johnstown pa.,where mayor e. J. Mccloskey had told them they were  least 53 police soldiers and Bonus marchers were injured in the Melee. Two Deas were attributed to the Day s  blamed the affair on lax enforcement of City Laws and ordinances by local  denied he had needed troops to control the  told a newsman the entire 46-hour military operation had not required a Dollar of extra expense except for the Cost of tear  january 1936, Congress passed the Bonus Bill that had been  d. Roosevelt As Warren g. Harding Calvin Coolidge and Hoover be fore him vetoed it. Congress passed it Over his veto and the veterans got to net Bonus. Page 13