European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - June 17, 1968, Darmstadt, Hesse In crisis in Law enforcement Oli All the jobs with awesome re possibility there is nothing quite Latch that of the american police he has the Power and authority it is not because of this alone that caught in the Center of one of his St crises his own reshaping pressures for a new policeman come from a series of court de is dealing with arrest procedures the social turmoil demanding newtons Between the policeman and the Unity he serves from the increase Ime and the demands for new is to combat it. And they have lastly from Law enforcement c ies themselves where rumbling higher professionalism and higher Sards have Long been All the pressures have meant a new policeman was needed a professional policeman a More Wigent policeman a better educated better trained policeman. But irony the need produced another crisis inability to attract the right kind Nan. First there has been the com Tion from other and better paying professions. And even More import there has been the unwilling Essen to become policemen because he Public s poor image of the pro has been a serious Man now there is one Law enforce it officer for each 484 persons in the1 states. Municipal police number 8 and state and other police 44,000.lurvey of 209 cities ranging in popu m from 25,000 to 250,000, showed enrage of one policeman to 760 persons. Fis the big cities which produce Anirae of 484. For example new York has one police officer for Ever new yorkers. In the basis of authorized strength ire Are 11,864 police jobs reported go begging in 313 police departments stoned in one Survey. A 1966 nation Survey showed 64 per cent of the de tents were alone Are not the answer be ise it no longer works to put a uni Mon a big Strong boy and Send him the Street. The candidate has to Bele to understand and respond to retirements and rules set Down because . Supreme court decisions. Because of the Quality of me nought recruiters must compete with Dusty. All sorts of hard sell tech ques Are being applied ranging from lid higher education to promises of no part of a profession that is at being As respected As the la Medicine. There was a time when All a Man eded to get on the Force was a political a Section or a police department Spon a sufficient height and being arc still Penty of departments Here it takes a Little More a High Pool diploma or its equivalent scially in those departments which ave starting salaries of $4,000 or less r i you would be sworn in at 11 . Id you d get a badge and a gun a duffs and be on the Street that night nun dog a beat with an old timer says Kansas City Veteran. By the end of you Ifould be worn in. Get a and a gun d be on the Street night. 19 monday june 17 1968 by Bernard Gavzer a staff writer a week if that much you d be on your own those were the Days Long before the supreme court began handing Down decisions focusing on the constitutional rights of individuals from the time of arrest to the time of arraignment be fore racial disturbances and other social turmoil. Now says Quinn Tamm executive director of the International association of chiefs of police until the last few years the problems that concerned us were relatively simple. The standards of social conduct were fairly Clear Cut. It was the police Job in cooperation with the other elements of the criminal Justice system to prevent crime and detect and apprehend lawbreakers. Now the situation in infinitely More the innovations were stimulated inthe Post world War ii period As academicians in police science and inlaw began taking a critical look at the nation s system of criminal claimed they saw the policeman becoming a Law unto himself. This situation had to be redressed says sol Rubin Legal expert with the National Council on crime and Delin Quency. If the supreme court had not begun to preserve the constitutional rights of suspects and defendants there could have been grave consequences. We were heading for a police state or for bloody confrontations Between the police and the ghetto sind lower class individual who is most often in conflict with to the police the High court decisions setting rules for detention of suspects right to counsel and limits to interrogation and admission of Confes Sions amounted to calamity. The rank and file organizations such As the patrolmen s benevolent association and the fraternal order of police were aghast. So were some jurists and prosecutors and police Law enforcers Are being hand cuffed by deficiencies in our system of criminal Justice said o. W. Wilson when he was superintendent of Chicago police in 1966. The trouble is largely matter of the courts restricting police authority to make arrests seize Evi Dence of crime and question suspects. � our Law enforcers Are being handcuffed by deficiencies in our system.99 up better paying jobs Public s poor image of policeman have resulted in serious manpower shortage. One Law enforcement officer for each 484 persons in . A demonstrations have strained relations Between police and Public. The stars and stripes strict procedural rules Are making i tougher than Ever to convict but when the supreme court handed1 Down the Miranda decision which set new rules for warnings to suspects and admissibility of confessions it anticipated and tried to forestall the outcry by saying our decision in no Way creates a constitutional straitjacket which will Handicap sound efforts at re form nor is it intended to have this effect. We encourage Congress and the states to continue their laudable search for increasingly effective ways of protecting the rights of the individual while promoting efficient enforcement of our criminal Laws have been proposed and the Council of judges of the National Council on crime and delinquency has proposed specific ways to make Legal arrests and interrogations but for the most part it has been a Case of Munici pal agencies simply figuring out How to Cope with the decisions or How to get around them. In the handful of .departments which have been top rated by police experts new York Chicago los Angeles Cincinnati St. Louis and Oakland California the High degree of professionalism ordained that a Way would be found to live with the rules. This placed new demands on the policeman and the police administrator says St. Louis police chief Curtis Brostron. We knew we d need a police Man who was intelligent and resourceful and How does the Impact of the High court decision reach the patrolman in some cases it filters Down. But in , for example members of the Mobile Reserve which is the elite aggressive patrol unit get a rundown that amounts to a College course. Truetken commanding the unit has a 43-Page, single spaced typewritten commentary regarding Laws and decisions on search and seizure. It is comprehensive and almost free of the Legal jargon that can trip even Law . John Walsh St. Louis homicide chief says the supreme court decisions have actually helped us. I think we re better and that we make better cases. In the past we had to count on the confession to make a a lot of instances the prosecutor could never have gone in court because we did t have a sufficient Chain of Evi Dence without the now we re doing detective work. We gel a report of a murder and behave a team there immediately. We gather evidence bit by bit and piece by piece. We re getting to the Point where we won t take a might be some loophole about whether it was voluntary. Instead Wego for evidence. There s nothing better than eyeball evidence witnesses and hard crime lab j. Of Yale Law school students con ducted an 11-week study of 127 police interrogations in new Haven conn., in relation to the effect of court 31 of the suspects were warned about their full rights and 21 of the gave full confessions alter being warned. On the other hand among those who were not warned there were no con one deep South department Birm Ingham Alabama mayor George g. Sei Bels or. A Republican is spearheading a reshaping of the police department. One of his key men in the departments it. J. C. Parsons a 33-year-old Ala Baman who Heads the first Active plan Ning and research division in the department. Parsons slates the selection process used today to recruit police offi cers is inherently dangerous. First ayoung Man with a High school diploma is selected and placed in a position of authority. This immaturity coupled with Power is always potentially Young recruit is forced into a Dyn Amic situation with very few answer ready made. His limited education makes it extremely difficult to adj ii to his rapidly changing environment. Ilo relationship with citizens especially n. Oun Ligniti d on Itji l i Page
