European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - June 30, 1968, Darmstadt, Hesse                                The elusive search for Fame a world of by Henry Marquez staff writer if it were possible for musical instruments to proclaim their nationalities certainly the guitar would proudly sing out i m Spanish few instruments have been As closely associated with a nation As die guitar with Spain from the wild rhythms Olathe flamenco to the brooding muted notes of the Ballad the guitar has been uniquely Spanish. A gentle stroke of the classical guitar s six strings can reveal much of Spain s temperament its Sor rows its Joys and its Hopes. Although the guitar has roots suing Back to the Sands of the Arab world i reached its full flowering on the iberian Peninsula. And from Spain the guitar Lound its Way throughout Europe most notably to Italy and in All probability sailed along with Columbus to the no world. While in its Early Spanish Days the guitar was a Star of the concert Cham Ber it was also a mainstay of the Royal courts dinner music my Kin the toy of the dilettante and the tool of the Playboy. Though the National instrument of Spain since the 16th Century it gained True originality and purity in the 19thcentury. It was in 1854 that Antonio Torres set what has come to be the Basic design of the classical guitar. Torres took t h e body and enlarged it for a Fuller  pinched the Waist and added barring in the belly in a fan shape for a Maxi mum transmission of sound a develop ment that actually was tried earlier with less Success. It was Torres who thus gave the guitar not Only its traditional shape heretofore dimensions had been pretty much up to the whim of the designer but also added the Rich volume that permitted the instrument to assume major Solo roles. Today the bulk of guitars produced in Spain As in any other country Are basically mass produced sturdy serviceable instruments but perhaps lacking the True Fidelity of sound and Harmony of handwork that the classical instruments of the 19th Century boasted. But in the midst of this welter of sound two Brothers originally trained As Cabinet makers Are slowly and painstakingly crafting glowing creations of Wood glue and varnish that Echo of sounds of an earlier Century. And not Only Are the Brothers Vera Fernando and Cesar re creating the guitars of yesterday but also they Are producing those instruments which fore shadowed the guitar the Lute Distant Cousin of the guitar and the Vinuela an Early Spanish viol or Lute. In their Small workshop Rich with the smell of fresh Cut Wood and glue where unfinished pieces for instruments to Behan from lines like a monday s Wash ing the principle tool is the hand. While speaking Ferando caresses the smooth curves of an instrument building. We Are working now on a backlog Ofa year s orders he said. We originally trained As Cabinet makers in Cuenca then we went into restoring antique furniture. That is How we became luthiers we were asked often to renovate old string instruments that were in such poor condition that we ended up practically making a new  Cesar continued. That was 15 year Sago and now we Hunt All Over Spain for antique furniture for its Wood which we use in making our Lutes and guitar the new Wood we do use on instruments has been aged for at least 10years." generally speaking older Wood has better tonal qualities and shrinks less after being assembled into an instrument the two said. Woods used include Cesar Vera tunes Lute a Renaissance instrument with sharply angled m and six doubled strings. Rosewood Walnut or Birds Eye Maple plus Mahagony red Cedar from Canada Spruce from Germany s Black Forest an Cypress. Backs of guitars Are made of Rose Wood with Spruce for the front said the Veras. From initial shaping to final Tun ing a guitar usually takes about two weeks to build. The Veras Point out that the classical guitar can easily be distinguished from the modern instrument by its broader fingerboard at least two inches wide at the Point where it enters the  is so that the fingers May More easily play separate strings. Also the12th fret is put at the Point the neck joins the body. The Lute which predates the Gui tar in recent years has been played Little yet in the Renaissance it was one of the most popular of instruments. Wit hits Pear shaped body severely arched Throat and six doubled strings the Lute has a Clear clean tone Well suited to accompanying Ballad singers. The Lute was brought to Spain some where around 700 by the moors when. It had but four strings and was plucked Sinith a Quill. By the 15th Century it had spread across Europe gained two More pairs of strings or courses and come to an end in its development. Largely due to its extreme fragility few examples of the Early masters sur Vive. However the Veras feel their pro ducts match the earlier efforts partly because of Superior modern joining glues and techniques. As one musician put it while i Here Are Many forgeries about they sound heavy and dead in tone the Veras Lutes tremble at the sound of one  part of the reason for their sensitivity Are the almost paper thin ribs of alternately Light and dark goods. Also critical to sound Quality Are the finely carved roses or sound holes under the strings. Lent is much More difficult to and therefore less often  the greatest artist using it is i Segovia an aging master of in 1 brilliance concerts Are utter simplicity his i almost dumpy figure shuffles inthe wings peering about the stage i thick glasses. He sits on a e chair brushes the strings lightly Lien in an incredible blurring of s creates a great Fountain of sound Licate As an engraver s Fine Cut i As a cello s , the Spanish classical guitar. T Page 12 putting finishing touches on guitar. The principal tool is Trie  the stars and stripes he Veras say the tones also depend on the Quality of the belly Wood and How carefully the transverse bars Locking the belly in place Are installed. Equally important is the spacing of the frets gut tied around the Broad neck of the instrument. The Vinuela did much to bring about the development of the guitar contributing its Peg Box system of tuning Ami general shape. The pairs of strings the Vinuela Are similar to Trio Lus while the classical guitar is like ii Vinuela without the two outer courses. And it was the Vinuela which gave de signer Torres the inspiration Tor to pinched Waist or figure 8 shape Weeti has remained the typical form of modern and classical  today the guitar May Boli echoing almost anywhere three school students gather the classical a sunday june 3 a i k front View of Lute. 1968 1 up the beatles Are among the 1 per cent who make  by Linda Deutsch a staff writer Long haired and singing the come Young boys from cities an towns across the land guitar cases under their arms seeking the Rock n Roll kingdom of heaven in California. The faces Are bumpy with acne an eyes aglow with a Hope that Only the Young can fathom. Visions of beatles and monkeys dance in their Heads. What Many find at the Rainbow s Endis that Hollywood s Sunset strip is littered not with Gold but with Heartbreak. A group comes to town. They seek out a crash pad a place to  their equipment gets stolen. They go hungry. They walk the streets where the kids hang out and that s where they get  the Story is told by Jim Demarco along haired neatly bearded 26-year-old who has been managing Rock n Roll groups since he left High  has handled the rocketing career of a group called the Vanilla fudge but is concerned now with the kid who Don t make it and the people who try to exploit , now managing a group called the Happy apples volunteered to work in a Campaign started recently by the Hollywood local of the Ameri can federation of musicians to protect youngsters from what the Union Ca i unethical Money grabbing men who have attached themselves to the a univ ing body of the music business like leeches. Amu unscrupulous managers warns Al m local 47, Are waiting on every Corderto victimize Young Rock n rollers. Some Are Fly by night characters some have veal connections some ire strictly one shot but All have a similar pattern says John Tian chit Lla president of local 47. They have signed new groups to Persona management agreements that give the bulk of earnings to the manager but All expenses to the  Anition to the managers says Demarco there Are nightclub owners unscrupulous record companies an artists and repertory men who move from one company to Anol Hei a awaiting Gullible youngsters with then songs and their Hopes. The Union says h has a list of Shimit 40 to 50 groups victims etl i s no Sass Tun the in Thoj exploitation Are becoming � a ,.u night club owners Tell Young in 1� the Only Way they can let ,1sure" is to work for free Ancl they some make it Ost Don 1 do the exposure is a fantasy. Big time music men rarely attend these clubs. A Small time record promoter will take a group to a studio record their voices on tape to hear How you sound and sell the tape to a record company. The kids never get an1 agent signs a group to a con tract gets them personal appearance dates Doles out weekly living expenses to the youngsters and pock ets the rest of their earnings. Nightclubs catering to teen agers sponsor contests in which theorize is supposed to be a recording contract. Entertainers work Lor tree admission is charged and friends othe singers Are encouraged to buy food and drink to influence who will win. The promised contract is nonexistent. Al he list of unscrupulous practices 8�"this do Why a Many i to  ail to encourage them to get in touch wit this office for advice As soon As they arrive in Hollywood. Me Nihle trance Vitelia has Ellior plans to protect Young Ennis inns so Hist exploitation. We will publicise these practices so thai members Mil be Able to recognize it in he  also plans to prosecute eases us exploitation which have been uncovered. And he wants to agitate Jor legis lation which will require personal Man agers to have state licenses. Jhee s  would govern the animal a n a a or is allowed to deduct from i a Formi a h  is Quick to admit  " very once in awhile a Ymme mak4s.it." but the fiks � l Iraj jing., ,.Demarco says that Rock i loll of masses. Kvin Hen lame is to last i l Ive years Trani hit Oila l office to plaints of Young Rock n rest of your j t. Dii last Lor Seth a i Page 13 the stars and stripes