European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - July 22, 1968, Darmstadt, Hesse A july 22 the stars and stripes Pago a must for future . Wars something Bol been a0j�0i i about War which Olff an Rhay ret be sensitive to pick up. Ii a. To do fighting Man wars. Hubert Humphrey Tai now loaned the other Tondl ditto Thoene Mccarthy Nelson Kocke Feller and be Orif he d a Kob jul Kennedy who hav Vitta Flat America cannot to the world policeman. Every candidate mum know that once he is in Power i the foreign policy decisions he will face will be Dan Ger oui and incalculable and that no present prom uses can bind the future. But any Man elected thl year will have to Faco a fact about the future that May tie pm american president1 hand at never before. I i it a the fact that run lets a War i tolerably popular it Edn not be waged effectively As a " by j. F. Ter Max Lerner National Effort. There it u Cut Loui thing about Power even Power 6s Mattive 8s that of America under certain conditions Power to powerless. You May have the Power to draft Young men to induct most of them to Send Therri Halfway around the world to kill and to killed to jail resistors and even to All older men like Ben Lamort Spock and William cof Fin who take their stand with Thorn. But no government has the Power to get its people to like a War they Don t like or to wage it wholeheartedly when they Don t have the heart for it. This is True of most govern ments in developed nations. I can t tee a soviet Union War against the czechoslovak people As on that russian youths would support. This does t mean that the Ganger of future wars u Over. The nuclear Cloud still hangs Elver the world. There is still the Chance of another conventional War in the Middle East or a civil War Tike the nigerian in Africa. The most probable source of future conventional War will be from the National liberation wars something like the one that Che Guevara wanted to mount in Bolivia and failed Dis Mally or what May arise from some future adventure to Asia. What i do mean is that an american government no mat Ter who the president is will think not twice but a dozen times before getting entangled in a War it won t be Able to fight effectively and won t be Able to end. Is this a new isolationism perhaps it is. I am Only letting Down Here the facts of life that no american political Leader can ignore. The real question for each of them is How a thinks he will to Able to prevent future War occasions from arising or How America can keep out of them without simply walking away from them. Off Washington As rare As being nominated to be chief jus Tice of the United states is Tho Novelty of having the . Sen ate review your latest Book. Associate Justice Abe Fortas find himself in that position. Had he known three months ago that he would to rapped to succeed Earl Warren he might not have been so Quick to Rush into print with concerning dissent and civil disobedience a 50-cent paperback. Fortas aim was to spoil out in laymen s language Tho differences Between lawful and unlawful forms of protest whether on civil rights against the War or on the Campus. But it s not Only what Fortas says but what his Senate critics will say about his philosophy that counts in this election season. The name of their game u delay mainly to keep Lyndon Johnson from having his Way so close to the time for choosing a new president. And Fortas views on the knot Tiest and most emotional issues confronting the courts and the country Are Tai Lor mad for lengthy Cross examination. Fortas if i read him correctly lets Forth several Points that apply both to demonstrators find the rest of society 1 Man has a duty to obey the Law and 2 a moral right to disobey those Laws which infringe upon his individual Freedom. But if he exercises the moral right to 3 must be prepared to accept the punishment of the Law when Wurts hold it to to valid and 4 must use methods of protest that Are permissible under Law Ond do not injure others. Finding that narrow Lino of difference is difficult at Host forts admits. As an example Fortas cites Roe Brown is. Louisiana Caso involving a Cori test off sort sated Library facilities by five negroes who Wero convicted of disorderly conduct. The supreme cart by a 5-4 decision set aside their Convoc Firu on grounds that the pro Esters were peacefully exorcising their first amendment it Flats the four minority justices for to Points out Wero not uphold of one thing i am certain the two year jail terms imposed on three of the Spock Caso defendants will not solve anything for the government. It will not solve anything to have a 65-year year old paediatrician and a Yale chaplain go to jail because they joined in backing up the Young War resistors. The refusal of the Young peo ple to serve is still a fact that has to be faced whether they Are right or wrong in that refusal. These Young people have been Able to place limits around the effectiveness of a War on the Home front which is where All wars have to be won and where any War can be lost or stymied. They have in effect said to government thus far your Power extends and no democracies have always had to depend on the consensus of the governed. But in All future wars we Are now on notice mat a government must command a very Broad consent else the non consenting minority May have on Impact far beyond its num Bers. For this is me first War in american history in which there has been a sizable group of selective conscientious objectors those who object on moral grounds not to War As such but to a part leu lot War. There May a one Way out which a future Congress ought to have Wisdom enough to adopt. It is to take Over the plan for a draft lottery that Rockefeller backs but add one crucial feature to it. A Young Man should be Given the option of taking his chances with the lottery or if he does t be Lieve in the War of choosing some nonmilitary Branch of National service. America s future depends not on whether its Young people be Lieve in a particular War but on whether they believe in this particular nation. Copyright 198, to Angele time ing Library segregation and were not condemning the right of the negroes to protest. Their dissent was based on the Legal Point that the negroes Hod remained in the Library after making their protest and therefore had exceeded their first amendment privileges. But the Case might have gone against the negroes Fortas writes if they Hod stayed in Tho Library after regular hours. If they had done so a majority and not a minority of the court might have agreed that this con duct woe not constitutionally Fortas also sets Down a Rule that civil disobedience the direct violation of law4s never justified in our nation when the Law being violated is not itself the focus or target of the Fortas makes no secret of his sympathies for the negro in his Effort to achieve full Equality with Whites. But he also makes Clear his opposition to violence As a technique of protest. Violence is indefensible and it has never succeeded in securing massive reforms in an open society where there were alternative methods of winning Tho minds of others to one s cause and securing changes to Tho government or its similarly Fortas maintains that the Rule against violence applies also to police and other officers of the Lawt Tho fact that they represent Tho state does not give them immunity from the consequences of brutality or lawlessness. Of they exceed Tho authorized Bounds of firmness and self pro Terrion and needlessly assault Tho people whom they encounter they should to disciplined trod and convicted it is a deplorable truth for tas adds that because they Are officer of the state they frequently escape the penalty for their lawlessness North american new pair Alliance the real Fulbright explained Fritchey the opinion expressed " the and Oarton on the p8 a pre ont Siom of Tho author and Are in no Way to be considered representing the View of Tho 6tarn and Stripe Luvelt or of the United state government. Washington when sen. J. William Fulbright succeeded to the chairmanship of the pow Erful Senate foreign relations committee in 1959, the demo cratic majority Leader Lyndon Johnson put a Friendly Arm around the shoulders of his a Kansas colleague and said Bill s my Secretary of he in t any longer of course. Today As the Leader of senatorial dissent on Viet Nam Fulbright Clayton has become in Stead the unofficial Secretary of state for millions of americans who Are opposed to the Vietnam War. But if Fulbright who is up for re election this year Falls in his bid for a fifth term the peace movement would suffer a Novoro setback for rhe next chairman of Tho foreign relations committee would automatically to John Sparkman d Alaa supporter of Tho administration s War policy. That is Why National attention will to focused on Tho Arkansas primary july 30 in that one party state winning Tho demo erotic nomination is usually tantamount to winning the election. Many americans have been mystified for years Over How he has survived this Long in a state which six times elected Orval Faubus the racist governor who forced president Eisenhower to Send Federal troops to Little Rock and also has repeatedly re elected sen. John Mcclellan who is Able to equate any kind of social Progress with communism. To most of the world Ful Bright May seem the epitome of sophisticated intellectualism and internationalism but in Arkansas he is above All the Hometown boy who made Good. As a senator he has often voted like a Southern conserva Tive on civil rights and Many economic issues. So All in All he has a lot of margin for error which was proved when he was the Only member of the Senate who dared to vote against the late Joe Mccarthy at the height of the letter s tyranny. Fulbright voted to Cut off Mccarthy s investigation funds. One reason Fulbright is so Little understood in some circles is that most of Tho books and articles about him have been either uncritical Valentines or equally unbalanced diatribes. Now at last in an illuminating new Book Fulbright the Dis Sente two very knowledge Able journalists Haynes Johnson and Bernard Wertzman have dispassionately got at the real Man. They have not Only found the answer to Many seeming person Al contradictions but with a Cess to valuable files and Pri vate papers they have shed new Light on some of the great foreign policy crises of recent years. It is Well known for in stance that Fulbright advised John f. Kennedy against the 1961 Bay of pigs invasion. Now we learn that the senator also privately differed with Kennedy on me cuban missile crisis in 1962. This time he was for an invasion As preferable to a blockade but. As the authors show this was not inconsistent with his previous position. Fulbright s argument was that since a blockade could Lead to a forcible confrontation with russian ships it was More Likely to promote a nuclear War than an invasion pitting americans Only against cuban this View surprised and angered Kennedy. Nevertheless when Kennedy later abandoned his Early hard line and started promoting a detente with Russia in 1963. He was to say above All while defending our own Vhal inter ests nuclear Powers must Avert those confrontations which bring an adversary to a Choice of either a humiliating Retreat or a nuclear Fulbright could t have said it better. 1968, new by ins
