European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - January 24, 1981, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Piehi seizure Pueblo Captain Lloyd Bucher and crewmen at press conference in North associated press they had dozens of americans held it was a election the president took the matter to the United he sent a Carrier task Force into the there was delicate diplomatic mane vering even double the year was not and those hostages were in North not but the iranian hostage crisis bore uncanny resemblance to that lesson in history the 11month hostage crisis in North the american intelligence ship Pueblo was seized by North Korea on one american was shot and later eight two others were taken although there Are there Are Many similarities Between the incidents in Korea and in both the United states was unable either militarily or diplomatically to influence events in a Small nation holding americans by president Lyndon Johnson in 1968 and president Jimmy Carter in 1980 ruled out a Quick military both hostage takings were denounced in Washington As Clear violations of International and both Lin gered for weeks and finally the release of the Pueblo Crew entered on delicate diplomatic mane vering aimed at allowing both coun tries to save after 27 Days of spanning 11 american and North korean representatives came to an agreement in the along with the body of their were As part of the Gilbert Woodward eighty two americans aboard intelligence ship Pueblo were held 11 Page 14 the stars and stripes the chief signed a lengthy document admitting that the Pueblo had entered North korean Waters to As North Korea had claimed All in the the United states but in a separate cleared earlier by the North korean Woodward renounced the first with the Ink barely Woodward declared the United states could not apologize for actions which we did not believe took place and my signature will not and cannot alter the the release of the Pueblo Crew ended months of frustration at the state White House and pen Dean then Secretary of told Ameri cans 100 Days into the Pueblo Crews Captivity that negotiations were at a and the americans had been taken making a military Rescue All but like president Carter in the iranian presi Dent Johnson sent a Carrier task Force into the area of Carter sent the Kitty Hawk to the Indian Johnson moved the Enterprise off the North korean Carter eventually launched a to secret Rescue mis but it was scrubbed in the predawn darkness of april 25 because three helicopters had been disabled by within Days of the hostage like Johnson a dozen years took the matter to the Security like the the North koreans declared they would pay no attention to what the United nations in both the captives wrote letters officials questioned their but there also were the United states and North Korea had no official diplomatic relations As had existed Between the govern ments in Washington and but in the Pueblo Case the United states and North Korea were Able to continue a direct using the armistice talks at Panmunjom As a there have been no direct As far As has been publicly Between and iranian government officials Over the while the United states has received almost unanimous support in the world including demands by the United nations and world court that the hostages be no such world opinion was evident in the Pueblo and the hostages in Iran have been enmeshed in Iran internal Power negotiators trying to get the Pueblo Crew released had Only to Deal with a authoritarian Khomeini speech marked by Charles Hanley associated press Iran refinery Burns after iraqi in the single event that sparked the final push toward ending the hostage crisis was a homily delivered by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini on a moslem Sabbath four months in that Iran Paramount Leader abandoned months of vague vituperation on the hostage Issue and unexpectedly listed four specific conditions for the release of the 52 this set the stage for a final solution in two ways the four Complex demands provided a meaty basis for Giveand take and Khomeini dropped the one condition frequently mentioned in Tehran but repeatedly rejected by Washington that the United states apologize for its past Active w m cities in a second crucial event occurred 11 Days when Iraq invaded the War made the iranians feel the True sting of being an International economic and diplomatic outcasts because of the they faced a Bleak future caught Between foreign aggression and vicious political infighting at one with firsthand experience of the revolutionaries hostage Richard who was freed last said after the War broke out that he believed it might Knock sense into the give was not All on the iranian in the weeks after the embassy seizure american officials sternly advised the iranians they would not negotiate while americans were being held but by last with the hostages finally almost within its the Carter administration was showing Little reluctance to negotiate what were essentially though vastly reduced from what had been demanded former Secretary of state Henry Kissinger complained Tehran was trying to squeeze out the maximum humiliation from the United but few other american voices were raised in the nation wanted to end the and president Carter reassured it that Honor was being it appears now that Khomeini decided in september to take the hostage matter More firmly into his own hands because Long months of political bickering in Iran had produced Little but indecision and the hostage Issue could have fuelled the political wars for Many months by putting the affair into Sharp with a neat list of attainable the ayatollahs authoritative statement bad z galvanizing on the iranian parliament dutifully adopted the four the United states entered into Alge Ria mediated Iran leaders began refer ring to the crisis As a closed Book As far As they were the momentum was diehard militants within the parliament had tried to Block its actions with a but Khomeini most influential Ayatollah Hossein a ordered it the militants weakness at this in late showed that the hostage seizure had lost its revolutionary even the Young iranians holding the americans said they wanted to forget about them and move on to fight iranian overtures also clearly were timed to coincide with the presidential the Tehran leadership evidently thought Carter might be so eager to win the hostages release that he would readily this is the Best Opportunity to gain concessions from the the outspoken islamic judge Sadegh Khalkhali advised his fellow parliament once Carter lost the the iranians apparently decided they would be better off dealing with him than with the incoming Reagan president elect Ronald in declared that Iran would be pretty foolish to wait for his inaugural he hinted he might disregard previous negotiations and Start from All the while the War with Iraq was sapping Iran finances and increasing hardships for its the War Cut off most of Iran Oil Trade and Oil supplies for its own the iranian War Effort was hobbled because the United states for months had been withholding spare parts for warplanes and other but the military supplies were not All that would be unlocked if the hostages were Washington also controlled billions of dollars in Frozen iranian assets in liquid assets that could be vitally important in the War in a More general time itself brought the hos Tage crisis to an its usefulness to the iranian revolution had run its for months Iran militants used the hostages to unify iranians in a confrontation with the great satan the revolutionaries failed to use that precious time to forge a truly United the closet Home problems a chaotic unrest among ethnic the War with Iraq pushed the hostages put of iranian the ailing sensing the time had decided to push them out of his country As by Arthur a Gashon associated press major Western nations ended sanctions against Ira with the release of american hostages and Are preparing for a slow but steady increase in two immediate effects of the action were foreseen in key capitals of european and Pacific countries the still locked in War with probably will want More arms and military spare parts from their former european v the even with part of their Frozen assets almost certainly will play a bigger role in world Oil production to earn foreign both developments would pose problems for the 10 european Community for new zealand and others which slowed economic dealings after the ouster of the Shak of Iran in january 1979 and which imposed limited sanctions last Western nations want the Ira Iran War to deliver arms to even though some have been paid would antagonize Arab Oil this could perpetuate if not extend instability in Western Access to Energy an associated press Survey of what the imposition and lifting of sanctions have meant to West Japa Nese and others produced some surprising among european Community in 1980 Trade with Iran was higher than 1979 this was due partly to the Shock of the Shah partly to the fact that sanctions were related to new and not to old thus in the first seven months of 1980 alone Community Trade totalled about billion compared with billion for the final nine months of in 1980 Trade with Japan totalled billion com pared with billion in even for the who were among the stalwarts of americas Trade in 1980 at billion exceeded the 1979 level of european japanese and British Trade with Iran before the revolution of consider ably Community statistics were not immediately but japanese and British Trade volumes amounted to billion and with both countries engaged in huge industrialization projects and Oil essentially the reason for the decline was that the Iran of the Ayatollah Khomeini cancelled a variety or civil and military prestige projects authorized by the late in addition Iran revolutionary rulers reduced their country creditworthiness and compelled Western firms to recognize that lon established banking and communication arrangements had broken Many Cut their losses and quit although quite a number were so deeply committed that they Felt compelled to see their projects yet even with the ending of sanctions Community governments have made Plain they do not intend to restore credit guarantees at this time for Western firms entering new deals with West German for Are saying any upsurge in business with Iran Likely will depend on reconstruction needs after the War with Iraq ends and on Tehran future political Orienta some random examples of the dilemmas facing euro Pean and other contractors in the Wake of sanctions Japan has a petrochemical Complex to Complete at Bhadar Khomeini in South work was interrupted in 1979 by revolutionary it was resumed five months then halted when fighting with Iraq flared the idled project is costing the japanese contractors Lotsof France has two major schemes on the one is for constructing a subway system in the other for a Plant to produce Peugeot Britain is resisting eager iranian attempts to buy hundreds of Power packs for an estimated 800 chieftain Battle spare parts for scorpion Light armoured vehicles and the 100million Harg support vessel urgently needed by the iranian none of these requirements will be the government in London has while four British missionaries remain in and even then the War with Iraq is Likely to be cited As a reason for wit Muing with future Oil needs to consider and markets to re Western countries nevertheless Hope to renew their trading links when political and economic conditions per january 1981 the stars and stripes Page 15