European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - May 17, 1986, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Page 16 the stars and stripes saturday May 17, 1986 strides Dan 1there Are about 100trillion cells in the human body. Each cell consists of an outside membrane cytoplasm. And the nucleus. 2every nucleus contains 46chromosomes 23 contributed by the Mother and 23 by the father White it consist of protein and Dan  add. I Ino pairs the chromosomes contain As Many As 100,000 genes hidden among at least 3 billion Nutte Otilde base pairs the Fetters to the Dan code trial governs the cell s biological processes. 4 resembling a  rope ladder or a double Helix. Dam can a chemically washed from the chromosome and unravelled to torn a Long strand. By Harold m. Schmeck or. New Vork times he couple had two children with cyclic. I broils. They could not Ace having another. The disease causes digestive problems breathing problems. Cung infections with an almost con Nual i real of death from Early childhood Onward. The woman ended her next pregnancy by abortion. By new she & pregnant again and plans of have i his baby. Generic testing Rhal has become aval fable Only within he ins several Moths has Given her solid Assurance  the child will be lie of the disease. A revolution in diagnosis of genetic diseases is. Unloading because of scientists growing Billly to find and interpret the messages of human genes. Such diagnoses Are becoming available for an Ever increasing roster of disorders caused by a fail in one or another so note Gene among the 50,000 to 100,000 thai humans possess. Individually most of these diseases Are quite rare although cystic feb roses occurs in about one per 1,000 live births and the Duchenne Lype of muscular dystrophy appears about once in every 5,000 males.  classic form of Haemophilia. Has become possible within 1 he past year As has been the Case with cyclic fibrosis. What one expert called reasonably Good dete Ellon of muscular dystrophy has been possible since lest tall. Phenylketonuria or pkg an important cause of menial retardation has been die Cable for about two years sickle cell anaemia and Iha Lassella also known As Cooley s anaemia have been delectable longer. Earlier methods allowed Detec Ilon of at least 50 genetic diseases including Down s syndrome and Tay Sachs disease. But the new tests Are safer for the fetus. And have added important diseases. Most of the methods require that the diagnostician know what disease to look Lor. Wilh new predictive Abl Filiai come sobering ethical and social problems of which specialists Are very much aware. Only a handful of laboratories Are capable of doing the less and they Are expensive. Furthermore the increasing Billly to detect genetic disease Early in Metal life is Likely to Sharpen the debate Over abortion. A i Helenl kind o dilemma confronts the experts in Huntington s disease a genetic disorder that causes no symptoms Early n life but grave mental deterioration and death in Middle age. Is a diagnose clan justified in telling a person who May carry the fatal Gene defect that he tests positive when there a a 10 percent Chance that the prediction is wrong in some disorders experts say the growing ability to detect faulty genes appears to be reducing. Substantially the number of cases of these diseases in population. The hereditary blood disorder Beta Iha Lassella is a striking example said or. Haig a Kazazian or of John Hopkins medical institutions in Baltimore. Kazazian who Heads what is probably the largest 5each rung of the Dan ladder consist sol nude tide base pair a coupling of 4 chemical bases Adenine fax always combines with tit Mylne Foj and cytosine a always inks to Guatno . Center for diagnosis of human genetic diseases. Through Dan Slud Les said a expected new lasts to have a major Eft Oci on the incidence of Haemophilia and Duchenne s muscular dystrophy in the next few years.  he did not expect much Overall Impact on cystic fibrosis because present  used. Effectively Only Tor families in which there is already one. Case. /. V. Of. Ashur l. Beaude of Baylor College of Medicine in Houston said Mast new cases of cystic fibrosis were children born i occupies who had not had Ana Heried child. He believes the next important step is to develop a Carrier test so thai potential parents can know whether either or Bolh Curty the Gene de eci. Hot produces the disease. I think a Carrier test is an Atmos certain predictable goal Beaudet said you can guess whether 11 is going to take Ono year or five bul in certainly can be.  Are several ways of detecting a single Gene disorder in a Jelus or of proving that a child or adult is a Carrier. All Are based on the act that the messages of heredity in All living things Are carried in the chemistry of Dan doxy ribonucleic acid. The Long to sled strands of this master chemical of heredity Are made up of four different subunits repeated in various combinations thousands and even million Sot limes. The combinations cons flute the Universal code Tori he regulation and production of everything a cell makes. The four subunits Adenine guanine cytosine and thymine Are identified usually by their ill Las. The sequence Gat for example. Is the code ordering a cell to add to Emlano acid leucine to a protein under construction. Other combinations Are the codes for All the other 19 Amend acids that make up the myriad of different pro Lens Hal re the main. Ingredients of living things if the Dan us bulls a. G. A and t Are the letters inthe gaelic alphabet the genes and the amino acids for which they Are tha blueprints might be thought Olas the paragraphs and the genetic information in each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes Ara the chapters of tha encyclopedia of each person s heredity. The human genetic apparatus is an immense Archive of about three billion subunits of dam just one error among these can produce a disease such As Fiala Semia or muscular dystrophy -.". Even though a Gene May contain several Hundred to a Lew thousand subunits of genetic message scientists can sometimes Jetel the state of a known Gene from As few As 19 or 20 subunits by preparing two  probes that Are matched up against he patient s Dan. One probe matches the known Normal Gene and the other the erroneous version it is thus possible to Tell if the pallet has one copy o the defective Gene or iwo or none. Many of the diseases Are recessive the faulty Gene Musl be inherited from both parents for the disease to occur. When the Gene is known it can be studied with the Aid of the Dan probes. The links Between cigarette smoking and lung cancer Are known Yel Many smokers live their entire lives free of the disease the less fortunate learn of their susceptibility too late. A genetic linkage map could allow parents to know sometimes even before a child St in hat he or she must be particularly careful to avoid smoking for example or should live on a diet that takes into account a risk of heart disease 6specific series of nude tide base pair comprise a Gene which May help id Delerm lne of example whether a Peison has Blue or Brown eyes. However Genesa ways work to pairs. Cheap totem Oratte  to n. Jaw Hun. Homo try Juie Anofils Felt Soutta won Book. It Imago Tun in it Pom