European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - June 21, 1986, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Frustrate ii by Daniel Goleman new York times w Here is memory what is thought what is tha will How does the brain create sorrow in Short How does Hie brain Creale ii mind answering these questions is the goal of much of Scuro science and psychology the mind is what dig brain does sail Leptien Josclyn Ono o the leading researchers the newest Elt Orts in the Long frustrating quest to link brain to mind Are based on the belief mat the grander notions c1 what the mind docs have in some ways been a Barrier to Clear understanding instead. The current invest Galois say in is necessary to Star All Over again and look Al mental a Lively in the most Lundn mental ways slowly building on Many hard won Small observations on their own terms they Are making headway. Neuroscientist and con hive psychologists alike Are heralding a coming revolution in their Allily to decipher inc brain s involvement in the mind the beginnings of this revolution Are necessarily Humble Ionising a a very mechanical null and bolls level consider the immense complexity of the problem Sau i Larold Hawkins a psychologist Al the office of u 3 naval research which is sponsoring some of the new work. The brain contains somewhere incl when 10 billion and 100 billion neurons each of which receives information from 1.000 la 100 thousand other neurons and sends information to a like number even the simplest menial acl like Reading the Leller a requires the activity of Many millions of neurons spread through Many pars of the brain " one of lha most provocative findings deals with the mechanics of a relatively complicated stale of mind studying life s rhythms Sci enl by Harold m. Schmeck or. New York times he biological clocks of humans and animals were set ticking millions of years ago but scientists arc Shil finding surprises in the cell Els they produce these internal rhythms Many of them limed to the cycles of Day and night months or the seasons influence All manner of biological processes the growth of fur. The migration of Birds. The human response to drugs and even the disruptive Elf cos of working Al unusual hours ii sometimes makes a deference what Lime of Day a drug is taken or patient s chemistry is gauged in animal research some startling now explain hons Are being Lound for old Well established observation in the summer for example. The siberian Hamster has a sleek greyish Brown Pell bul in the Winter it turns White and grows much thicker. The change is clearly a response to the changing seasons. It keeps the Little animals warm and camouflaged during the cold snowy Winter what controls the changes is it falling temperatures shortening Day length 01 an Mernal rhythm Independent of the outside world and what body chemistry produces he changes scientists at Worcester foundation for experimental biology have answered the questions recently with some surprising results the changes Are controlled by Day length nol temperature animals kept in artificial Light thai mimics the summertime keep the greyish Brown Lur All their lives. Lihe experimenters change the fighting to Malch the Daylight hours of Winter he Hamsfork will pass into the Winter fur growth Cycle most surprising the seasonal change is produced by the action of the hormone prof Aclin Best known Lor control log milk production and inc development of the mammary glands Bruce Goldman principal Scie Nusl in the research at Wor Cosler said he thinks Early mammalian evolution May help explain the surprising link Many millions of years ago when inc Virgl mammals were evolving on Earth. The tissues from which sweat glands and hair follicles arose also were the source of issues that evolved Inlo mammary glands there is some evidence thai seasonal changes occur in human hair Loo bul it appears for unknown reasons thai the maximum growth is in the summer months nol the Winter. If this is a common feature of Many mammals Goldman said of the prolactin effect i have a sneaking suspicion Hal it May very Well have some effect on human hair bul just what that effect May be no one appears to know there is growing interest today in Allol the biological time clocks that living animals seem Loobey in varying ways and according to varying schedules. Some of these rhythms like the Hamster fur growth respond to Exirena Evons Many like hear beat and the human 24-hour Cycle of sleep and wakefulness Are influenced both by external conditions and Mernal clocks bul some appear to run on their own in Einal \ signals alone i new evidence from West Germany recounted in Char april scientific american shows Hal some Birds Star t sheif migrations on the orders of an infernal biological clock thai is Independent of Day length and Lemper lure. In expense nos Birds caged in totally artificial environments grew excessively restless at migration Lime and returned to Calm again Al the Ime their Normal migration should have been Complete. Human mortality statistics hint that our lifetimes Are measured in even numbers of Days. Births and deaths alike Are most common in Thyl Early hours of the morning but humans As Well As animals Are influenced by seasonal changes Many of the people who suffer from serious Lorms of depression have their worst a lacks during the Winter months. The Short Span of Winter Dayh Ghl plays an important role in this. Many such patients arc helped by using Arifi Ial Light to lengthen j their Daylight hours bul much of the research attention is devoted to the human circadian clocks so called because they Tell Timo in roughly one Day cycles. Scientists in France have Lound it matters Greally what time of Day the doctor gives a heart patient heparin to reduce the tendency of the blood to clot. The anti clotting effect is much greater at night than in the morning. At Howard medical school research workers found j Hal heart attacks and strokes Are most Likely to occur in the Early morning hours a time of Day when the Page 14 the stars and stripes