European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - August 17, 1986, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Yurchenko. For example was said o be furious that his defection was described in detail in prominent american newspapers. The sources said British handling of Gordievsky was a Good part o Ine explanation of How he managed o evade detection by the kg8 Tor so Many years. The danger to any double agent comes primarily the sources said from his handlers taking advantage of his inside information too hastily. But the British showed tremendous restraint. For instance they did not move against other Kab agents whose identities were disclosed by Gordievsky doing so would have led the Kab quickly Back to him. There is a belief in the International intelligence Community that american officials occasionally will fall prey to political concerns and move too quickly against soviet operatives identified by a double agent. But the Story of Gordievsky s decision to spy of Britain does not solve another Puzzle for current and former intelligence officials they noted thai when a Kab agent of Gor Piyavsky s status defects the welcoming government usually takes action against its own citizens who Are spying for Moscow. But in lha Gordievsky ease the Only action taken by the British government was to a pol 31 soviet diplomats journalists and other aides an action that prompted the soviets to retaliate in equal measure. Two source Ald Oord Loevsky had identified several British citizens who spied for the soviet Union. They further indicated that prime minister Margaret Thatcher and her aides decided against prosecuting Tham Lor fear thai their Case would not be conclusive in the courts and that opposition politicians would criticize the government for playing politics with the delicate subject of spying. Another source said he believed that Gordievsky might have identified British citizens who were nevertheless not paid agents. Stilt other sources offered an even More intriguing Cia director William j. Catty flew a cantly to London Titt tilt to meet with . Explanation. They reasoned that Gordievsky has been holding Back some information to protect his family All or most of whom still arc said to be in the soviet Union. Nonetheless the judgment of British and american intelligence officials is that Gordievsky was a genuine double agent and is a genuine defector. In general these experts believe that so called Ingle agents for example a Kab officer masquerading As a British agent who actually continues to serve Moscow Are a great rarity. Triple agents they said must provide a great Deal of important information to establish their credibility. At of this is Given in the Case of a triple agent for the Saka of propounding some important piece of misinformation later on. A former intelligence agent reflecting the views of most of his colleagues said triple agents were almost always not Worth it and romantic movie  the consensus in London and Washington is that the information Gordievsky provided has been sound and useful. Government sources Here said he had provided intelligence agencies with details of Kab operations in Scandinavia and Britain which Are known As major intelligence gathering outlets for Iho russians. They said he also had a Strong knowledge of the Workings and policies of the soviet politburo he policy making body of the communist party the politburo the sources noted outlines the policies followed by the Kab end its agents. According to the government sources. Gordievsky was of enormous help when Yurchenko defected to Iho United slates last year. This defection set Olf an a nominated debate in the intelligence Community Over whether Yurchenko actually was a High ranking Kab officer. Gordievsky sources said was one of the first to confirm that Yurchenko was who he said he was. Described As sophisticated and perceptive by those who knew him in Copenhagen and London Gordievsky also is thought to have provided Western intelligence officers Wilh insight into the thinking of key Sovie leaders including Gorbachev. As the Kab station chief in London he helped plan and run Gorbachev s visit to Britain in the Spring of 1985 to meet with Thatcher. The terrorism phenomenon a tangle of perplexing ironies by w. Joseph Campbell Hartford courant by the thousands this summer americana avoided destinations in european the Middle East eschewing the perceived threat from terrorists Lor havens inthe United Stales. Whether interpreted As unseemly or prudent Lew other occasions pointed up so vividly the relative immunity of the United Stales to dramatic and devastating terrorist attack from within. The phenomenon of contemporary terrorism is Replete Wilh perplexing irony american citizens companies end interests have been repeated targets overseas. Domestically however neither indigenous groups nor terrorists from abroad have succeeded in sustaining themselves or their violent ways. Indeed terrorist acts in the United states in the 1980s have became so infrequent and generally 30 circumscribed in scope and in virulence that they lend to get Tost in the ground clutter of crime in general said Mayer i Ludell executive director of the Institute on terrorism and sub National conflict a private Washington group. Terrorist acts in the United states have declined from 111 in 1977 to 13 in 1984 and 7 last year according to statistics kept by the Fri. The single episode of Domestic terrorism in the first seven months this year was the fatal shooting in puerto Rico of a former police undercover agent. The figure however Are not necessarily comprehensive. The Fri defines terrorism As the unlawful use of Force or violence that is intended to intimidate or coerce governments or citizens in furtherance of political and social  the Agency excludes from i1$ statistics such terrorist related activity As robberies of Banks and armoured cars the typical sources of Money for extremist groups in the United states. Similarly periodic shool outs Between extremists and authorities Are not always counted As episodes of terrorism. Despite those restrictions Independent analysts say Fri statistics do attest to the trend of diminished terrorist activity in the 1980s in the United states. Prominent Domestic groups at both political extremities have been shattered within the past two years. I heir cadres convicted of criminal charges and imprisoned. Notable among them were the United Freedom front on the tar left and the order on the extreme right both of which were committed to violent opposition to the Federal government. The Fri reported convictions last year against 46 members and associates of extremist groups who were accused of violent crimes or linked to conspiracies. Thirty three were affiliated with right Wing groups currently the principal focus of Fri counter terrorism investigations. The number of act of terrorism have proportionately declined with the arrests and convictions said Steven l. Pomerantz director of the Fri s terrorism Section. I Don t think you see a withering away by itself on the Domestic  effective police work however Only parity accounts for America s comparative insulation from terrorist acts. Even the Law enforcement officials associated most closely with investigations of Domestic terrorism concede that they Puzzle Over the question Why not Here we continually ask what accounts for the level of terrorism in the United states particularly in comparison with the rest of world Pomerantz said. Law enforcement officials corporate consultants who Monitor terrorist activity and academics who have studied Domestic . Extremism said these Are among the factors explaining the stunted nature of terrorism in America the dearth of constituencies that desire or sunday August 17,1986 anticipate revolution in the United Stales. America is not a country of extremists Nudell said. And basically the system works. The perception that there just is no other Way does t  As a result extremist groups consistently have encountered difficulty in gaining widespread support. The Fri says it has under full or partial investigation 20 Domestic groups Lew of which have Ever gained More than two dozen hard Core adherents. Independent analysts estimate that the hard Core elements activists in the United slates willing to take up arms or commit other serious crimes in promoting their causes number no morn than 250 on the extreme left and perhaps 500 to 1,000 on the far right. The common aversion in the United Stales of using Force to promote political objectives or social causes. You hear a lot about violence in this country but there in t much of a history of extremism in the political sense being successful Pomerantz said. People have a Low tolerance in this country for violence As a Way to pursue political and social  the multitude of channels for asserting grievances. The nature of the . Political system is such that it does accommodate everybody but the absolute fringes said Eugene Mastrangelo. Senior research analyst for risks International inc., a consulting firm on terrorism the absence of a legacy of successful Clandestine political activity. The european experience in Clandestine violent resistance to autocratic regimes is certainly a Factor explaining he persistence of violent extremists in France. West Germany and Italy said Martha Crenshaw a Wesleyan University professor who studies International terrorism in the United states there has been a Lack of similar historical experience she said. The stars and stripes Page 17