European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - May 10, 1987, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Page 10 the stars and stripes sunday May 10,1987 columns James j. Kilpatrick High court s guidelines not very Bright at Oil judges and i awyers like to talk of Bright lines in the Taw. In theory these arc the demarcations that serve like Stone Walls to define the boundaries Between the permissible and the impermissible. In the Field of Law known As Church and state the Bright lines get fuzzier All inc time. We saw an example of this last month when . District judge Charlesr Richey ruled that the adolescent family life act of 1981 is unconstitutional. His decision gel Little attention in the press perhaps be cause the program is so modest. In Washington Art outlay of $ 10.7 million does t amount to peanuts. That is what the department of health and human services had proposed to spend this year on Demon stration Grants aimed at preventing Leen age pregnancy. The Money was to go to is grantees for counselling services. Unfortunately Asil turned out. 23 of the 85 programs had some connection with religious organizations. Ten were directly Church sponsored. By was of example. St. Margaret s Hospital in Dorchester mass., had expected a Grant of $224,000. The search Institute of Minneapolis was Down for j237.000. St. Ann s infant and maternity Home in Washington was to receive j105.000. Catholic family services of Amarillo Texas had si56,000. The Grants ranged Down to $20,000 to the department of health Ano Thuman services in Shreveport. La which in some fashion was working with local religious groups on a common problem. Richey looked with some sympathy on the program Leonard silk it emanates from Well founded and benign intentions and has a valid secular  nevertheless he held Hal he Grants i have a primary effect of advancing religion and 2 Foster an excessive entanglement Between slate and Church. Is. Margaret s Hospital he noted identifies itself As a Christian institution committed to acting in har Mony with the teaching of the Catholic  one of the Hospital s employees whose position was funded under the Federal Grant was told that she must fallow the directives Sci Forth in ethical and religious directives of Catholic facilities " St. Ann s Home in Washington is directly affiliated with the Catholic archdiocese its grantees May not counsel or refer patients for abortions nor do they encourage any Mcleod of birth control not permitted by Catholic Doc  similarly among the purposes of lutheran family services is to propagate the teachings of the lutheran  because these religious organizations use Federal funds to educate or counsel on matters inseparable from religious Dogma judge Richey said the constitutional implications of the Grants Are Clear and clearly troubling the inescapable conclusion is that Federal funds have been used by pervasively sectarian institutions to teach mailers inherently tied to Reli  i have Little quarrel with Richey s opinion. The supreme court has Laid Down three tests for determining the constitutionality of a Church state relationship. These grantees failed two of them. Neither can i Dis agree with his concluding statement that a society is Only truly free when individuals Are Ico free from direct or indirect pressure to abandon their own cherished religious beliefs for whatever Sci of beliefs currently holds government  All the same it seems regrettable that a program of such Manifest Benefit to the Public should be so sum Marily torpedoed. These grantees were not giving the kind of Bland amoral counselling we hear so much about. They were not advising the troubled teen agers to do their own thing. They were not handing out condoms to children. They were teaching old fashioned values of chastity and self discipline and we May fairly assume that the counsel effectively  cd some of the social and psychological damage that inevitably results from teen age pregnancies. The supreme court s guidelines Are not Bright lines. The court has upheld the display of a creche in a Public Park h has approved a chaplain for the Nebraska legislature. It has gone along with tax exemption for Church properties. It has Given its imprimatur to state Laws that Grant lax deductions for tuition at parochial schools. In Ynith no one familiar with the court cases can say with certainty what is permissible and what is not. Richey s decision unless overturned on Appeal will put an end to this entanglement but will put an end to a useful venture in cooperation too. A univ who presi Syndicate health of Pax americana linked to world order can the United states continue to provide the leadership required to keep the world economic and financial system stable and growing Paul so Eclen. Professor emeritus at Oxford University speaking at Harvard University his week expressed his anxiety thai he Pax americana established at the end of world War 11. Has broken Down just As the Century old Pax Britannica did after world War i. To maintain stable world order strict in said inc dominant country needs to have four attributes an sport surplus the ability to Supply Long term capital to developing countries Industrial and technological supremacy and inc military strength to secure peace As the precondition for political stability and economic development. As she unseat Victor in world War a inc United Stales possessed All four of these requirements for dominance. But. As the postwar decades passed its dominance waned. The Trade surplus became a deficit. Capital outflow turned into heavy capital inflow Mak ing the United slates inc world s biggest debtor today. Its Industrial leadership was challenged especially by Japan and Wisl Germany. Us military forces have remained dominant in inc Alliance though the military Challenge of the soviet Union added heavy burdens to maintaining thai role. Do the costs if being a military superpower now outweigh the lie net to the United slate Stroelen concluded that the costs to indeed outweigh the Benefit since he sees the system breaking Down. He urged the United so alas 10 male Way for a new International Swem. Dul even if the United slates were willing to gel put of the Way nobody is Rushing to taker on its responsibilities neither of the two most important allies of the United slates Japan and West Germany seems will ing to try to Lake on America s leadership role partly because the other countries that were victims of their aggression in world War 11 Don t want to risk their dominance and partly because Japan and West Ger Many arc not eager 10 assume the costs and burdens of leadership. In a remarkable paper the hegemonic Structure and Cost sharing in the a americana a leading japanese economist. Masahiro Sakamoto lakes a earn fun look calculating the costs military and economic of american leadership. He recognizes the economic us Aknin of America As huge Mon but holds that the Pax americana is not dead. On the contrary Sakamoto who is chief economist of the International Trade Institute of Japan s foreign Trade Council a private organization based in Tokyo made up of the leading japanese trading companies insists Hal the a americana is not Only alive but robust As compared with the Pax Britannica Early in this Century. He does not deny that the american dominated International system has been malfunction ing since the Early 1970s, As demonstrated by the big . Deficit in its balance of payments on current account this now amounts o More than 3 percent of Gross National product. The British current account surplus in 1913 was 8.5 percent of its cup but was wiped out in the coming years. Sakamoto contends that despite worries in this country Aboul its loss of competitiveness the . Economy remains the largest and strongest in the world. The dynamism of the uni cd states econ omy he says has been demons rated by a steady and sizable increase in population labor Force and an Active emigration Between the slates and by the buoy ant and advanced Market for manufactured  expressing a View widely held in Japan and made Manifest in Hie Large continuing inflow of japanese capital to the United states. Sakamoto says thai for eign countries want to participate in this dynamism in order to  he maintains Hal another striking characteristic of american robustness was shown during the 1970s and 1980s mainly that when the International system had undergone violent shocks the United states was less hit thin other countries. Finally Sakamoto argues inc United slates has the Power to change the rules of the game with its Over commitment in the International system especially in inc military  he implies without directly saying so that the under commitment of Japan West Ger Many and France needs 10 be corrected in the interest of lending greater stability to the american dominated , is Sakamoto in maintaining the robustness of the present Pax americana expressing a characteristic japanese View linked to his country s desire to continue to live under the american Security umbrella while pursuing its Export led mercantilist in policies and its huge capital investments abroad or is slice ten closer to inc truth in arguing that the Pax americana is breaking Down and that it must be re placed by a new International system 1c now Yolk Timm