European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - August 23, 1987, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Ufi us put arc Doug Snyder of the Iowa development commission at one of 250 lining stations in the slate Selling a Corn based mixture of gasoline and alcohol in 1979 that Snyder viewed 3the fuel of the future Clearing the air at the fuel pump by Cynthia Loular Cox news services Asoline like water used to be simple but what bad tap water did Lor Perrier smog is doing for fuels. The result May Foice America s 158 million motorists to become connoisseurs 31 the pump with More than 70 Urban areas expected to miss the dec 31 deadline for compliance with Federal Ozone or Carbon monoxide standards authorities across the country Are taking Steps to customize the nation s gasoline to Meol regional and seasonal clean air requirement the Jumble of new Federal state and local regulations May end the Days when All Drivers had to know about gasoline was whether in a is regular or unleaded the environmental Protection Agency Epa has proposed a  Rule    live years require Oil Remeis to reduce ovoid la rps line volatility by at East �0 percent the Low volatility fuels or tech Don i evaporate As easily Are intended for use during the summer months when escaping hydrocarbons Are most Likely to lorm of one Congress is now considering three Dills that would require Hall of he nation s fuel to be gasohol a blend of unleaded gasoline and Grain alcohol that Burns More efficiently Ana releases less Carbon Gonoude gasohol fuels containing ethanol arc already available throughout the country. This . Live Atlantic Rich Licud co service stations in Southern California will begin Selling near methanol a blend of 85 percent methanol and 15 Pei cent Gascot. As part of a pm dec directed by Hie stale s Energy commission there Are Only 600 mesh aril powered cars on Ine Road  in California but slate officials arc considering adding b 000 of inc in cars to the  Fleet beginning Jan Coloia a of Licals 11 ill Requie service stations within the nine county area Long lire f roil Range on the Eastern Dogu of tie Rockies to be Finly of Tion ated  Ujj Ohio in ethanol or a methanol based compound called Mike the be  will affect Izreo Lou Ilehr of the  ". Re Ritli nil would he in Force Only during to  when rap lion a Ononda pollution is Al ils worst win n i f i a lower volatility people Are going to a   vapor lock pm her is  they Rio now a Tod t . Air pollution con Raj poria Lisl with the  department of i Lim Lull 1 Lely. I  i  it Wal the Nellif a clp.inrjr-, Ion or annl j tue  Oren no hid Pur Timve engine Perlnut arc mul univ the f Nir i it Ron l Funk Drivers will Neil in    Ghoul fuel Prilop Manor than they do nn-,v." or nys am Viii poll the i Jula Lipov Wren l in pics yet. Nil Industry Ruppi int live Are Frondy Corri Lainer about  nun if Linn Tias called a Loris Cal a Ghr Nore " Epa estimates the production Ollow vol Alialy tucks will  a refiners about  million a year tmr.1 fld Atli jul halt a a Cal Pur Valluri to the Price of gasoline at the pump but thu american Polo Cuni Institute estimates that Ifie Cost of reducing Tho volatility of the nation s incl will Cost several Hilton dollars a year ii passed on to motorists Ifie change  add several cents a gallon to the Cost of Yaso Luie if id gasohol regulations pass i to Law. Refiners also will have to buy 12 limes the amount of ethanol they now consume current National consumption of ethanol for Luel is Aboul boo million Gallons a year. Automakers Are  Abou the new regulations too Many new car models Are geared to higher volatility lulls and fuels Guch As my Leanol require specially built engines however the Ford motor co already is building a limited number of flexible fuel cars thai will be Able to run on gasoline pure alcohol or a combination of Tho two Ford officials estimate Iho cars will Cost about $300 More than a a Solano powered automobile Moons to pay More for methanol and Mobe than for gasoline gasohol is usually cheaper because ethanol in oys Federal and stale subsidies that average 8 cents per gallon adding to the confusion surrounding the introduction of Low volatility and alcohol based fuels is the opposing effects they have on Tho onion Man Wost of the wasted Energy that escapes from a car s tailpipe is either hydrocarbons which form Ozone when exposed to sunlight or Carbon monoxide but alcohol blended fuels which reduce Carbon monoxide emissions lend to increase the emission of hydrocarbons. Alcohol reduces Carbon monoxide emissions in two ulv a it releases less of the poll land than gasoline and when blended with Gas adds oxygen that helps Tho Luel mixture to Burn More completely. Independent research shows thai cars powered by gasohol Emit Between 10 percent and 34 percent less Carbon monoxide purim a pure methanol would almost eliminate the release i Carbon monoxide but alcohol boosts gasoline s volatility. The More easily a fuel evaporates the More hydrocarbons Are released to form Ozone in the air. In hot weather Ozone formation is accelerated by the tendency of gasoline to evaporate More rapidly. In colder cd Malos. Engines operate less efficiently releasing More Carbon monoxide which May be trapped by cold Walher temperature inversions cities like Denver which is battling a Carbon monoxide problem prefer strategies that encourage the use of alcohol based fuels to a result the Epa May have to exclude High volatility alcohol fuels from its new regulations. Experts say Tho answer May be to Lap or the regulations to require Low volatility fuels Only in the summer for cities where Ozone is the major offender. Motorists won t know How the fluctuating fuel supplies will Al acct Ihen car engines until the regulations Are in offer Drivers using alcohol based tucks can expect lower Gas mileage because alcohol packs Ess Energy than gasoline improperly blended alcohol based fuels also can cat , plastic and rubber engine parts found in older cars cause engine Hes Tahon or stalling and corrode the furl system refineries already vary the volatility of talk in gasoline according to the Region and season in which the fuel is sold our mrs cold v. Eather Low volatility nets make engines morn dim Pill to Start High volatility fuel can cause vapor lock  the volatility no the nation s gasoline has l i i i.  Iii up Lor years As refiners have turned to butane Addis Ives to boost octane Levels in unleaded Page 18 the stars and stripes sunday. August 23, 1987