European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - October 4, 1987, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Sunday october 4, 1987 the stars and stripes Paga 9 winning diploma pays off in later life education gives professionals biggest payoff Washington a what s it Worth to finish school for High schooners graduating mean an extra $352 a month m earning Power. College students who finish four Yean earn $672 a month More than those who attend College but Don t get a degree. Those Are among the findings of a new census Bureau study thai measures the average income of adults based on How much schooling they received. Tops on the list were professionals such As lawyers doctors and dentists who look Home More than five limes the pay of people who failed to Complete High school. The study found that Only about one american in five 21 percent has a College degree but they Are the ones who make the Money according to the report what s it Worth educational background and eco nomic status Spring 1984," from top to Bottom there was a spread of s3,178 a month in average income. That s the Range from inc average professional who earns $3,871 monthly and High school a spouts who average 1693. There s a hard lesson shown. There s a Clear relationship that economic rewards do accrue at each progressive level of education Robert Kominski of he census Bureau said. The piece of paper and the different kinds of pieces of paper mean something. They mean some thing to employers and in the Success of  represent different Levels of learning and development of skills Kominski said of the various College degrees. Following professionals the study said were people who had received doctorates. They averaged $3,263 a month Over the four month study period. Holders of doctorates while having extensive professional training Are scattered Over a wide variety of Fields and thus on average earn less than the professionals who Are concentrated in the High paying areas flaw ind Medicine Kominski said. Top income states i to Wuendi at Donin pm capita Neoim Lor 1�87 icon Meheut 19,�8 Maesue Ngwu naw yith 17,111 California ,77 Mai Jand a Lenota Virginia sauce. . Mairm it of col Mara at the next step Down people who have achieved a master s degree averaged $2,288 a month the study found. Holders of a Bachelor s degree averaged 11,841,followed by those with an associate s degree at ,346. Close behind were people who received vocational training who had average monthly earnings of s 1,219. People who attended College but left without a degree averaged $1,169, and High school graduates managed .045 a month. Well Back at $693 were those who dropped out with out finishing High school. While males Overall Cam More than women both groups follow similar patterns with professionals at the top and income dropping from that level. A thin each degree category of course Many people earned More and others less than the average Kominski pointed out and the Field of study the Stu Dent pursued in College is a major Factor. Every year several million College students Are faced with one of the most difficult decisions in College the Choice of a major. For some students the Choice reflects a pattern of interest that has developed Over time White for other students the Choice May be motivated by the path of least academic resistance Kominski wrote. Those considering the Long term financial rewards May want to look Al some of the results of his research before making a decision on their future. For example in addition of Law and Medicine Engi Neering and business proved lucrative Fields he found while at the Low end of the scale were such studies As ideology Liberal arts and Home economics. Overall people who studied Law had the highest average monthly income in the report at 13,726, Fol Lowed by those in Medicine and dentistry who aver aged $3,440. Those were the Only two areas averaging More than $3,000 a month in income. Leading the 12,000-Nlus level were economics specialists at $2,824, followed by engineers who averaged $2,707. Others in that group included physical and Earth scientists $2,554 business managers 12,21 a mathematician and statisticians $2,111 and agriculture and forestry specialists. $2,110. Next came Taw enforcement officers averaging 11,809, followed by people who majored in biology. Arts $1,383 nursing and pharmacy $1,299 and Home economics $1,063, yanks who died in 44 tragedy to be honoured by Matthew c. Vita Cox news service Slapton Sands. England for is Yean local innkeeper Ken Small has been haunted by the ghosts of 749american soldiers who died Here in one of the forgotten tragedies of world War ii. Walking the windswept beaches along the Scenic out lonely South Devon coast he often would gaze Al the water conjuring images of what came to be coded the night of the bloody Tiger and wondering Why it had been swept under . I often sensed there was a feeling in America Al least on he part of the government not to memorialize its defeats or setback Small said. "1 just wanted to Honor those  due in Large part to Small s efforts the United Stales on nov. Is will officially commemorate for the pm time the americans kilted Here 43 years ago. The ceremony will be held along the beaches of Slapton Sands. For Small it will be the culmination of a crusade that has taken him to Washington and the Pentagon and Cost him 125,000 out of his own pocket. The Story of their deaths can finally be told said Small 53. On the night of april 27,1944, More than 30,000 . Soldiers conducted a mock assault on Slapton Sands Crescent shaped English Channel Beach strip not far from Plymouth on the Southern coast of England. The exercise code named operation Tiger was a dry run for the a Day landings at Normandy six weeks later. Slapton Sands was chosen because its geography resembled that which the americans were to encounter Al Utah each on the coast of France. But in a combination of poor planning misjudgment and bad Luck the exercise went seriously wrong. German a boats torpedoed three of the Landing Craft sinking two of them. Inthe panic and confusion american gis Many experiencing their first taste of combat opened fire on their own boats believing they were shooting at germans. Others unaware they had been Given live ammunition thought the explosions and flames around them were pan of the Drill. When Dawn broke hundreds of soldiers were found floating upside Down in the Waler. Lacking proper instruction they had incorrectly placed their life vests around heir waists instead of under their arms. The weight of their gear had forced their Heads Down into the water and they drowned. The men were from the 4th inf div the 279th combat engineers and the 70th tank in of the . Army. Operation Tiger bad resulted in one of the single largest losses of american life in the War since Pearl Harbor. The death loll was More than four times the number of 179 gis who died Al Utah Beach on a Day six weeks later. In the secrecy surrounding the a Day preparations and the flush or Success As the allies drove to liberate Paris in the months ahead the men killed Here were quickly for Oilen. The biggest tragedy was that it was decided 10 forget them Small said. Details of the disaster went unreported in the United states for More than three decades and to this Day few americans have heard about it. Some bodies were never found and local residents circulate stories that they Are buried in an unmarked mass grave in a nearby Field. Or. Ralph Greene a pathologist in Chicago was stationed in nearby Dorset with the . Army medical corps in1944 and treated the victims of operation Tiger. He and the other doctors and nurses on duty that Day were never told the cause of the injuries and were ordered to maintain secrecy under threat of court martial. Years later he set out to find out what happened. He published his findings in february 1985, in american heritage Magazine. When most of the remaining secrets of world War ii were lined in 1974 through the Freedom of information act the entire Story of operation Tiger became available Greene wrote. But nobody bothered to report  this january Congress passed a Resolution calling for recognition of the men and on nov. Is . Officials will dedicate a plaque commemorating them on slap on Sands. The Walls of Small s inn Bear testimony to his efforts. There Are signed photographs of him at the Pentagon with Deputy defense Secretary William Tan and at the Capitol with rep. Beverly Byron of Maryland and a letter from Charles Price the . Ambassador to Britain. Byron a member of the House armed services committee whose father was a naval aide to Gen. Dwight d. Eisenhower and who witnessed operation Tiger sponsored the Resolution calling for a memorial. Small s Campaign began in 1969 As he walked the beaches one Day following a severe Winter storm. A one Lime policeman whose Only memories of the War Are of huddling in an air raid Schei with his family had moved to Devon from Northern England the year before. All the Shingle and stones had been washed away from the Beach and started finding spent and live Cartridge shells shrapnel . Army insignia men s Gold Signet rings he recalled. He was uncovering the remnants of operation Tiger. Three years later a local Fisherman told him about a submerged tank a Mil offshore on which fishing trawlers regularly snagged their nets. His curiosity aroused. Small hired a diving team to investigate. On the Channel floor �0 feet beneath the surface the divers found a american Mark v Sherman tank its gun facing the Shore. The amphibious tank had Sal there since 1944, when it Sank during operation Tiger. Small later Learned that its five Man Crew survived. Two years ago he met with the tank s commander Orris Johnson of Leeds North Dakota at a 70th tank in reunion in Harrisburg a. So i decided to raise the Lank but first had to Settle the question of ownership. The Pentagon said it was still . Property bul agreed to sell it to Small for Iso. And in 1974 he became the owner of a world War 11 Sherman tank silting on the floor of the English Channel. It took 10 years but Small brought the tank to the surface on May 31,1984. In time for the 40lh anniversary of a Day on june 6. He recorded the event on videotape which he willingly shows to visitors. The raising of the Lank created a minor stir among the local Media but it was Losi in the attention Given to the anniversary commemorations that took place on the Normandy beaches. Small has placed the tank across the Street from the Slapton beaches and created his own Monument to the .soldiers. In november it will be recognized at a War memorial by the United Stales when a plaque being cast in Colorado will be placed at the site