European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - March 1, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse Underwater archaeology by Donald Smith National geographic High diving expedition of Iho coast it Greece last summer May provide keys loan old Puzzle hallway around the Globe who were the first humans to Cross Iho Ancion land Bridge irom Asia to Tho amt was and when did those prehistoric Hunters Ance Slois of i he american Indian arrive in the new world the Doles Lor Lite Trossman Are extremely Uncertain we Don t know Winch Branch of humanity or which cultures Woro says Nicholas c. Flamming the British geologist who helped supervise the dive which was supported in Only by the National geographic society and inc Royal if graphical society last summer we a. An incr mediate but very import land Slop lowur.1 Iho answers says stemming. This was Chr Lisl time to my knowledge that Rit Ryono has orcs jul specifically to find evidence or Nimian Tiv a in itus Jar Back in Lime in areas thai Are my " rimming expects Hal techniques developed during Iho dive then Leaffy is of used to discover traces of Sluiman passages in \ a. Now undersea realm of Bringia today s boil a Simit by Woen Siberia and Alaska As Well or in Iho Buncis on also under Waler Hal once nearly linked aur, and Southeast Asia. These techniques also May help determine when humans first occupied die world s major islands including Britain Cyprus. Sri Lanka the West indies and a a Evic nce of when humans first entered the americas has Long eluded . Estimates of human occupation have ranged irom roughly 15,000 years ago Loas Tong ago As 100.000 years. One fundamental question is whether the primitive humans known As neanderthals Over made in into the new world Sci enlists believe this Branch of Mankind died out Aboul 40,000 years ago. Most doubt that neanderthal bands reached the americas bul that belie could be shaken in someone Lound evidence of now world occupation that predated the last period neanderthals were known to exist it has Long been assumed that the answers to these questions lie buried beneath the sea forever or at least unlit the Day perhaps thousands of years irom now Hal a naw ice age drops the sea level once Agam. However pioneers of a relatively new Branch of science underwater archaeology Are challenging thai proposition. Attention originally focused on ancient shipwrecks and submerged villages Al classical limes in the Mediterranean. Bul periodically fishermen would bring up material thai was Lar older leading researchers in Ilia 1920s and 1930s to believe that people occupied the Continental shelves of the North sea and inc Mediterranean coasts of France and Nlaly during prehistoric periods of glacial Low sea Levels. Interest in underwater evidence of Slone ago human activity has grown steadily since Ihen As diving technology has become much More sophisticated Flemming s involvement Dales Back to his diving Days with the British Royal marines. While d student at Cambridge he helped found the first University diving group. He later published cities in Nifte sea a Book Aboul his experiences exploring settlements Hal now lie beneath the Mediterranean Las summer Flemming and Doc Rios Kazianis a greek government antiquities Export Tod a four week under Walcer exp Dilion around Corfu a resort Island of the coast of Greece. The dive was conducted under the auspices of Greece s department of underwater archaeology and the bib ski Institute of sciences. The International diving team included 14 people along with six vehicles a chartered Lishing trawler three High Speed inflatable boats and an array of Sale of the Arl electronic gear used in offshore surveys. During an earlier trip to the Island Flemming had identified Corfu As a Likely place to find palaeolithic relics far enough off Shore and in deep enough water Hal Tiey could not have come there from land. When he returned to Corfu he was nol disappointed. I was swimming Over one of the shallower Sites Aboul five meters deep Flamming recalls when i saw some big irregular slabs of Yellowish Green Rock on the seabed Wilh patches of gravel and Small rocks around tha big rocks. Ii was in the patches of gravel that we found Stone the Arti facts mostly Flint Blades and flakes from making the implement ranged in age irom 11,000 to 40.000 year s old. But the Lea payroll of the in was something More than the artefacts them solves what this project demonstrated was not Only Hal these pal materials do survive under the sea which v Eady knew bul also How to look for pfc says Ling. Youcan Oij search Juno Auvil follow a Trail. Now search strategies for now areas n Continental shelves All Over the world for Snow the real action starts after it Falls by Jane e. Flody new York to Fisse Skimos have about Lour dozen words to desc Ibe Snow and ice and Sam Colbeck know Vvhs "1 hero s no one Ihms called Snow said Colleck who Skidis Snow at the army s cold regions i is in and engineering Laboratory in Hanover n h he pointed to a with Mici photograph of now crystals hat in no Way resemble the Faw Liaf n sided six armed Snow haves on Christmas a i Snow is Many d 2nl substances Colbeck Wel Snow ii of trample is an entirety Rifle enl material trom dry Snorf and within wot snows and dry inowi., there Aro Dii Croni types Wilh quit different properties in general ans past scientists looked Al Snoj us it in were a i Qular subs acc. Now we look Al the physics and Geom iry of Dill rent kinds of Snow Lor co How they Allcut i r ref anchors a the at a and with new Compulos technology arc Adle to draw a picture of Snow Hal was not possible Bicic they Hope when now insight will enable them Ivel Only to belter understand Snow in its Many is Ages Bull .-1 to save lives through belter prediction of Ava a Hes. Identifying Anil Una winding the varying proper hcs of Snow. Ccffiioc1 jew. Jan be Coli Safiy important to other human endeavours As Well trom designing last skis and Sale Snow tires to avoiding mistakes by self guiding bombs that see Snow As an enemy tank irom predicting wildlife survival to controlling drifts and hoods Snow research is serious business even though As Colbeck put in. The people who gel into in lend to be climbers and skies who never grew Colbeck himself a skiing Cathu sisal picked up a handful of newly fallen dry powdery Snow the kind that Skicis Lve and snowball cars Hale. Holding a hand Lens thai magnified inc Snow tenfold he remarked you can still see some Hakes in their original hexagonal stale comply be with Dan Dales the arms of the Snowdale. They won 1 last Long he said. Snow starts changing almost As soon Asil hits the ground sometimes even before if in s Windy or he dug Down half a tool to the surface of a wot Snow Hal had fallen More than a week easier and had survived a few Brief thaws. There in found so called Corn Snow Quarter Inch globs of disconnected crystals thai had formed when the surface Snow melted a bit. Then froze again Down Amer trom the Bottom of 1he Snow pack to pulled Oul a handful of sugar Snow. This is made upon the Large faceted and loosely bonded crystals of depth Hoar thai forms rapidly when inc temperature at the Snow s surface is much colder than in is near the ground. A few the temperature rises to 40, he said Ive should get some slush Well rounded poorly connected ice crystals that become thoroughly water soon after they Falli Earth Small nowt Lakota release their vapor to larger one which become enlarged and rounded Thep Roemaat which occurs without any melting incr taste the do nutty end strength Osnow. Page the stars Anh Striper tuesday f
