European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - April 5, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Breathe. Alter three weeks o bed rest your lungs Lake in about 26 Percon less oxygen the impaired Gas Exchange can contribute to the Aligue associated with bed rest Gas Exchange is enhanced in you can he on your Side switching sides trom time to Lime instead of on your Back. The shifts in body fluids associated with bed rest depress heart function. Hormonal effects. The usual daily cycles of hormonal release change in prolonged bed Resl. After one weak the Peak release of epinephrine a hormone Sec clod by the adrenal glands occurs in the afternoon instead of Eaily morning. Changes also occur in the Secre Liun cycles of insulin growth hormone thyroid hormones end aldosterone a hormone that regulates sail Levels in the body Levels of the male sex hormone Androgen markedly drop in response to bed rest. Insulin secretion also declines within three Days impairing the body s ability to process sugar. Calcium and Bone changes. The Well known Calcium losses in a Iro Nauls dramatically illustrate the devastating effects on Bone of a Lack of Gravity. Alter two to four Days in bed the body starts losing Calcium. Fewer new Botie cells form and More old Bone cells Are destroyed. In bed rest there is As much As a 10-Fotd increase in the loss of minerals like Calcium and phosphorus from tha Central part of the Bones. Calcium losses May Lead to yet another problem. In patients whose kidneys cannot Clear out excess Calcium Iho Mineral can Rise to harmful Levels in blood and body tissues interfering Wilh nerve and muscle unction and causing nausea vomiting loss at Appellis and dehydration. Immunity weakens. Ironically while you Are resting in bed trying to recover irom one ailment changes in you body s natural defences nuke you More susceptible la other ailments. Alter two to three weeks in bed White blood cells Are less ate to capture microorganisms and Hie Moat important antibodies defending you against infectious organisms immunoglobulins g Are destroyed St double the Normal Rale As a Resumil disease causing organisms such As staphylococci. Can multiply 1q to 1 do limes faster than Normal. Digestive effects. Loss of appetite and constipation Are common among those confined to bed. Wilhour the muscular stimulation of the digestive tract normally provided by activity the focus can become impacted in the Bowel. Bedridden patients should be encouraged to consume dietary fiber and drink plenty of Plain / aids. Mental elects. An overworked adult May think it sounds wonderful to spend a week or iwo in bed when inactivity is forced upon you but the emotional effects can be devastating. This is especially so when a once inc pendent person becomes helpless. Anger provoked by the limitations including hostility toward those taking care of the patient is common people confined to bed typically become bored irritable anxious tense and withdrawn an inability to concentrate slows judgment and interferes Wilh problem solving and sell care. Loss of sensory stimulation dulls the mind Fosters listlessness and May result in visual and auditory hallucinations. Rather than ridicule the patient or deny the reality of hallucinations and nightmares in would help patients if they Aie encouraged to talk about hallucinations. Ii also helps to provide stimulation such As Reading Mallet and audio and video Lapes. Bedridden patients have a belter sense of reality if daily activities Fika meals and Baths follow a regular schedule hospitalized patients usually do belter a they have a Roommate rather than a private room after it s Over. Just As the body had to adjust to being incumbent in must readjust to an upright posture. This is Best done gradually keeping in mind that strength and balance Are not what they were before the illness even silting up can cause dizziness dim vision and fainting As the pooled blood leaves the brain. The skin on the Bottom of the feel May hurl and it May take several Days before the icon feel comfortable sustaining the body s weight. Boron new essential nutrient by Jane Brody new York times Oron an element Best known for ils use As an Eye Wash and a Toach killer plays a critical role in the body s ability to use Calcium to form Bone new research indicates. Ii further studies confirm the finding they Wilt establish Boron As a new essential nutrient to be added to the list of Trace elements those needed in tiny amounts in the diet for Normal growth and development. The preliminary studies suggest that in women past menopause Boron May stimulate hormones mimicking the effects of oestrogen replacement therapy currently oestrogen treatment is the most effective method of preventing postmenopausal Bone loss which can Lead to osteoporosis and debilitating fractures. Boron s potential role in nutrition was serendipitously discovered in the course of another study by two researchers Lor the Federal department of agriculture or. Forrest h. Nielsen a biochemist and director of the human nutrition research Center in grand Fords. N.d., and or. Curtiss d. Hunt an anatomist at the Center. They had been trying to unravel the role of arsenic in nutrition when the Chicks they were studying had unexpected growth problems and developed leg abnormalities. The researchers found that Lack Cit a previously unrecognized nutrient Boron caused the problems. When Boron was added to the Chicks diet their Bones developed normally As Long As other factors critical to Bone growth such As activated Vitamin 0, were present Nielsen and Hunt first presented their finding to an International meeting of nutrition researchers in Australia in 1981. And it was so optically received. But the researchers were convinced that they were on to something important. They continued their res a cd. First showing Hal Boron was essential to Normal growth in rats and then looking into its role in people the human studies were done in a metabolic unit where 1z postmenopausal women lived Tor six months receiving All their Lood Only irom the nutrition Canter. In this Way the researchers precisely controlled each participant s diet. When Boron intake was increased irom one fourth of a Milligram to three milligrams a Day there was a marked decline in the urinary loss of Calcium and magnesium an indirect measure of How much of these minerals was available to lorm new Bone. In addition when tha women received the Eylfa Boron there was an increase in the amount of the sex hormones oestrogen and testosterone in their blood. According to this study which needs to be repeated to be certain of the finding oestrogen Levels Rose to those typically found in postmenopausal women on oestrogen replacement therapy. Nielsen said the diets of Many americans Are Likely to to very Low in Boron because of the emphasis on animal foods like meals and Dairy products. Even people who eat a lot of grains and Root foods would not gel much Boron he said. Only plants known As Dicotyledons which Slart growth with two leaves have a signify cart amount of Boron. Among these Are fruits legumes nuts and vegetables in the cabbage family. This May explain in part Why seven a Day adventists a religious denomination  advocates a vegetarian diet have a much lower incidence of osteoporosis than meat Ealing americans. I May also explain Why eskimos who eat almost no fruits and vegetables have a High incidence of the Bone wasting disease. Boron was discovered in seeds in the mid-19lh Century. Several decades later it was found to be toxic to animals accounting for its usefulness As an insecticide. Like All known Trace elements Boron is toxic when consumed in amounts sign Mcanlly larger than those necessary for Good nutrition. Just two Grams of boric acid can kill an infant and 45 Grams is lethal to an adult. Early in this Century Boron was recognized As essential to the Normal growth of plants which die when Boron is lacking in the soil. However scientists still do not know exactly what physiological role the element plays in Plant development. Similarly experts do not know what role Boron has in human development. Hunt said he suspects that the body needs Boron to synthesize oestrogen Vitamin d and other steroid hormones and thai in May also protect these hormones against rapid  the North Dakota researchers Are now conducting additional studies on 14 people living in the metabolic unit and 15 people including five men living in the Community bul gelling All their Lood irom the research Center. Nielsen meanwhile cautioned against taking Boron supplements or consuming any Boron product because of the lox icily of the element. The Best Way to increase Boron intake is to Eal fruits and vegetables the Way the body most naturally handles it he said. Or. Walter Mertz an expert on essential nutrients and a member of the National Academy of sciences food and nutrition Board said the new finding underlined tha importance of not relying on supplements to meet nutritional needs. The discovery clearly demonstrates thai we cannot be sure at any Given time we be identified Alt the important Nul riels he said. And of course what is not identified cannot be put into a  although most foods have yet to be Lesley for Boron Content among those known to be especially Good sources a a apples grapes and pears a Small Apple weighing four ounces contains about half a Milligram of Boron one third to one halt the Likely human daily requirement. Red wine May trigger migraines by Cory Dean new York times Igraine sufferers have often Lold sceptical physicians that red wino but not other alcoholic drinks brought on their headaches. Now researchers in London say hey May be right although Cha reasons remain unclear. Tim researchers served Rod wine or Vodka to 3s people at the Princess Margaret migraine clinic Al Charing Cross Hospital Nineteen participants Wero migraine sufferers who said red wine brought on headaches five others suffered migraine headaches but not from red wine. The study also had a control group o eight people who did not suffer from migraines. Eight people in theg Ioup of 19 were served Vodka a cd with lemonade none of them suffered a migraine headache. The other 11 in the group were Given red wine nine of them Sull ered migraines. The live other migraine patients and the people in the control group drank red Wina none Sull ered a headache. The drinks containing equivalent amounts of alcohol were chilled to disguise their taste and served in Brown Glass bottles with dark straws the participants had been Lold thai they might receive same Type of alcohol pc drink. In their report published in a recent Issue of inc lancet a British medical journal the researchers said that about 25 percent of migraine sufferers say certain goods bring on attacks alcoholic drinks in particular red we. Head the list they said they said their study Hod not determined what component in the red wine caused the migraines but they ruled out alcohol. They also ruled out Lyra to. An organic compound present in email amounts in red wine. The report said alcohol might to a co fac of for some other component of Rod wine in the development it a Grain. For there Are Mig Rainous patients who believe that alcoholic drinks in general can induce their  tuesday. Aprils 1988 the Staps and stripes Page 17