European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - April 13, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Wednesday april13. 1968 the stars and stripes Page 3 Hawaii astronomer discovers oldest Galaxy new York a an astronomer has found the oldest and most Distant  Ever seen an object if limes the we a fisc Milit Way that formed when inc universe was less Ihan 5 billion Yam old a Nwarihi is said monday. The important thing is that he Galaxy appears to he rather old said its discoverer. Simon Lilly of the univ Tsily of Hawaii a manna. Even though inc universe was Only a pc billion years Oki at the time we re looking at this he Galaxy itself was 1 billion or 2 Milliun years old. So this pushes Back inc Lime Al which galaxies formed in inc Early  the discovery could Force a revision in astronomers Conception of the universe Lilly said. If we find More objects like this the cold Darl Mailer Sce Nario will be in trouble he said in a Telephone interview that scenario says that most of the universe exists in the form of cold dark material that we cannot observe. Ii also prod Rols Hal massive galaxies like i lie one Lilly discovered should not have existed so Early in inc history of the universe. Lilly said. Harding Smith a physicist at the University of California. San Diego who has studied Distant Galax ies said Lilly has made a Suvi animal jump and i do think it s an in Ponall result. It will help astronomers Unitt Suruj inc processes thai form galaxies. Smith said. We Don t under stand when they form and How they form and Bosh of these Are very interesting questions because they May Tel us More about what happened even earlier in the universe Smith said. A report of Lilly s work has been accepted for publication in the astrophysics journal he said. Lilly s research involved identifying inc source of a Distant emission of radio Waves that was recorded in 1131, he said. He used the Canada Francc Hawaii optical Tele scope and the United kingdom infrared Telescope both located atop Hawaii s manna Kcal to pick up Light and infrared radiation from the precise Point where the radio emission had been detected. Those observations allowed dim to identify it As a mature Galaxy. In january Richard eds ten and George and mar Cia Rick of the University of Arizona reported the possible existence of even older Mare Distant Galax ies but those results arc not confirmed George Rick said monday. " would say he has claim in the most Distant  Rick said. We have claim to having found candidates that May be even More Distant bul that s different from having in nailed  nevertheless Rick said the two lines of research mesh Nice la because the existence of his Galaxy implies that something like the galaxies that we have candidates for mini  to determine an object s distance and age Astron omers observe the so called red shift of Light emitted by inc object. The higher the red shift inc older and More Distant the object. Lilly s Galany has a red shift of 3.4, he said. The oldest Ana most Distant Galaxy observed before tits had a red shift of 1.8, he said. The age of the universe cannot be precisely deter mined Lilly said by inc Best estimates put it at Between 10 billion and 20 billion years. If a figure of is billion years is arbitrarily chosen As a starting Point then tic red shift of Lilly s Galaxy Means he tight that Lilly observed left the Galaxy when the universe was about 3 billion years old observations of the Galaxy itself indicate it was then i billion or 2 billion years old he said meaning it was formed when inc universe was i billion to 2 billion years old. Study of teacher Reform finds contradictions new York a ten years of teacher Reform have produced Awe some amounts  but left unsettled whether teachers arc full hedged professionals or merely Semi skilled workers said a Rand corp. Report re leased monday. More than 1,000 Bills were introduced and hundreds enacted in Legislatures across the country during the past dec Ade a Cooling teacher pay and tightening rules governing training anti certification but that produced More contradictions than directions concluded the 80 Page report the evolution of teacher policy by Linda Darling Hammond and Barnett Barry of Rand s Center for the study of the teaching profession in Santa Monica Calif. They said policymakers have so far failed to resolve the key question whether teachers Are professionals ministering to the individual needs of students or Semi skilled workers needing constant supervision and regulation by sheer volume of legislation in is Clear that teaching has been reformed " said the report bul it added teaching policy is up for grabs and there arc lots of people  National education association presi Dent Mary Kat Wood Futrill called the Rand report right on  the Rand study is being published nearly five years after the Reagan administration issued the report a nation at risk which blasted mediocrity in . Schools. According to the Rand report average salaries Rose 3 percent from 1981 to 1986 to $25,2-10. Man re cent figures from the National education association estimate average salaries at 128,000 this year. Teacher salaries Are no longer a Bla Tant disincentive to enter the profession the report said Nineteen Stales have minimum salary schedules particularly in inc South where teacher pay tends to be Low. But the average teacher s purchasing Power is practically unchanged from 1971-72 lev Els according 10 the analysis. Starling salaries Are also up by not enough 10 eliminate the Gap Between leaching and other professions. Accord ing to Nea figures the average was �17,500 in 1987, while beginning accountants chemists computer special Isle and engineers for example Al earned in excess of j20.000, near 1 All states considered performance based pay systems including Merit pay from 1983 10 86, but such programs Nave often encountered delays because of teacher opposition and Lack of funds. Twenty seven states enacted tougher teacher training requirements including testing of academic ability and mini mum Grade Point averages states arc increasingly stressing Liberal arts Back ground Over education courses. Paradoxically for a number of slates improving teacher preparation seems to mean reducing the amount of time de voted to traditional teacher education the report said. By 1986,46 Stales mandated teacher competency testing for admission to teacher education or i Menifi cation or both. Bul some states have delayed implementation because of Lack of funding or because of concerns about the tests Validity or Low pass rates among minority teaching candidates. Contradict Rily 46 states have cleared the Way for substandard limited emergency certification. Twenty seven of those states Issue certificates to people lacking even a Bachelor s degree to solve teacher shortages. Showy drills aboard a Carrier an aircraft Carrier has lots of space for training tier rises and . Marines find plenty of room to practice Rifle drills on he Carrier a night in Eisenhower. The big thesul is on in eight4ay Call at Marseille France. Former scout held in knife attack on sex scoutmaster Little Silver Borough . At a 25 card former boy Seoul allegedly attacked his old scoutmaster with a knife after a Chance meeting brought Back memories of a 12-year-old grudge Over a Merit badge police said. John f. Wilb Crl was held on $110.000 bail in the assault on Harold a Scott or. 55, police said Witbart told authorities that Scott had kept him waiting too Long when he went to his Home As an eighth grader to work on a Merit badge project. Wilbert a Navy Veteran did nol Sec Scott again until he passed him on inc Street iwo weeks ago said Linle Silver police capt. Thomas f. Kruno Scott says he does t remember Wilbert who grew up Here and now lives a few Miles away in Long Branch bul Bruno said the Chance encounter prompted flashbacks for Wilbert. On thursday night Wilbert rang Scott s door Bell Bruno said. When Scott answered Wilbun slashed him about the head and upper body. Bruno alleged. Scott who retired in january after 21 years As a scoutmaster bit Wilb Crl wrestled inc knife away ran Back into the House and called police. Bruno said. Wilbert was caught while he headed to his car parked nearby. Bruno said. He was charged with at tempted murder and because police said they found lulls in Wilbert s car like those that would be used in a burglary he also was charged with burglary. Scott was hospitalized briefly for treatment of multiple lacerations