European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - May 01, 1991, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Spies in the sky starred in Gulf War egr9m�jie= Itric not Sarrail a Tauy Buchic a Quot fut he 0fmii? Atbin ites Many of therm to tar arms Tagabe m the Skyve r the Romam <33 Riff feta Othni Impact pm the outcome  a a teaching is thee     ,<tts6e�tsni��frmibfbiiauni Tiee and   ,.  amp Sci a tie May in Lea tireless cites Este a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a. A a a a a a f Kwan  Barri Jiom e. Pike  Eveah Frewert smarmy suit ies iming so Mariy  a a Alf How i Itas itts sctt to Dieux Doc aptly Trow much ctiwengethe$at5#bmntatite , bffithaltthmwaii>tilri81mggdtmaes3mnothly  a Csom Memotti am Ssmith  Zefi. Operations left Tel tilapia a a Fiat  2ffiniy.wduidllawamwitttmiffttti.aiiitiitmmyiljaweftakenldngerand. I     a a Era  ?r/na3fict5f affix Wirsz these _  Nessir nottes tis Tonj ged Toff group cry  if Iasi it Ainger Ltd a Iri.  ate ttrr3pmt��t52nxi3dea,ajiraaxiffit1isbtd 7theycould Scaea  Imit  a  to ski  satellites Serra a  tic  a St Yetf term gang  the  pmrajdteamiranirnuidibbja�rads4my�ffiaersm th@fid6totram56tt06sdgaraieap stm3$if  move i  fear Effross  damage and piamfiilwesaitthi6iffi. A ,. Quot at least two advanced Kh-11 s reportedly have infrared. Capability that enables them to take some pictures at night. -. I. A a a. A. A a a. A radar imaging spacecraft called Lacrosse functions As the flagship of this flotilla. / launched by a space shuttle in december 1988, it is the Only Craft that can both View objects at night and take pictures through Cloud cover. It proved invaluable when bad weather hampered air. Operations and obscured the vision of the Kh-11. Spacecraft. One of its Many chores was to search for Mobile scud. Launchers moving around at night. The Keyhole spacecraft swept Over Iraq and Kuwait a twice daily producing pictures of the Region every two to v Lour hours when Cloud cover did not interfere. Satellite images were used in some preflight briefings to familiarize coalition pilots with  targets and to identify civilian areas that were to be avoided. Two defense support program satellites equipped with infrared telescopes and detectors provided Early warnings of scud missile attacks. _. Quot they detected the infrared emissions of the plumes from scud missiles when they were fired from Iraq a warning Patriot missile Crews of imminent attacks Quot a a Richetson said. A the most sensitive ears in the sky belonged to two or three eavesdropping spacecraft code named magnum and vortex. A. In orbit 22,300 Miles above the Earth their Speed matches the planet s rotation so they can effectively hover Over a single  listening antennas on the spacecraft Are so sensitive that they can pickup Walkie talkie transmissions. _ _ _ a lot of damage assessment in the Gulf was done with these listening systems said William e. Burrows a professor at new York University who is an expert  us space program. _ _ _ _ a Quot somebody someplace was saying of my god Akbar they got the Bridge Quot he said. Quot we listened to them saying that sort of  a since the satellites have trouble snatch pm communications from buried cables one of the first  cripple land lines and Force the / iraqis to use Tadio broadcasts that could be intercepted. Quot signals intelligence was telling us things Tike the order of Battle which divisions we were facing on which front v and where the Republican guard was Quot Pike said. At least three clusters of naval Ocean surveillance. A satellites designated Parcase kept track of enemy vessels at sea and helped enforce the embargo ,. Pike believes the satellites tethered in groups of four _ use triangulation to determine the location of voice r a transmissions from suspicious vessels. The Sarrie triangulation technique in which three or More satellites Zero in on a target was used to let . Ground forces know exactly where they were on  it. A signals from the Nav Star global positioning system of 16 satellites were beamed to thousands of Small hand. Held Quot Black boxes Quot on the ground. Quot about the size of a Cigar Box each device weighs 3 pounds and has a screen that displays latitude arid. Longitude a Quot the French air Force put the Small receivers on helicopters that were flying search and Rescue missions. Aided by the device one of the helicopters was Able to Pluck a downed . Airman from the Middle of a. Featureless desert during a Stormy  navigation also helps you deliver munitions on your target Quot said Paul stares of the Brookings institution. Quot people tend to see these satellites As essentially passive and they Are in the sense that they Don t shoot anybody but they directly enhanced a weapon s a effectiveness and the military ability of the forces they. T  _ # a three  three civilian weather satellites also played an indirect but important role. _ _ _ Quot overlooked by most people Quot stares said Quot they were vital in a Region plagued by variable weather patterns and sandstorms. Quot i believe they played a major role in the air Campaign by helping reconnaissance and Aerial refuelling missions determining the Best time to conduct an operation and indicating optimum routes to a particular . The weather Craft also monitored the Oil spills in Gulf _ _ Waters and tracked the smoke from hundreds of burning kuwaiti Oil Wells. A 1 a a image producing satellites operated by two government related companies a eos at of the United it a states and spot image of France a probably did t play a a crucial role in military operations v Quot Quot they were mainly used to make maps before _ hostilities broke out Quot explained Pike. A 7. Quot ail of the maps we had were old out of Date and i dolt  features. Sot essentially we had to _ remap the whole area Quot ,. One valuable Eye was missing in the desert War Richelson believes it May have been premature to retire. The air forces sr-71 supersonic Blackbird spy plane last Yeara 1. Quot with its ability to cover tremendous chunks of territory in very Short periods of time it would have been a very useful supplement to satellites that Yvere trying to search out scud missile Sites and other targets Quot he said. Did the soviet Union learn a it of our overhead secrets during the War most experts done to think so. -1 As Pike put it Quot the russians were clearly interested in Reading our play Book but you fight like you train and the russians have been watching us train for a Long  a crier of big Serai ii few Wemm Bumm Mim Miry �,1. R2m Tyiee awes to Edtl Wemm into tto applaud and. Pra  a acnbmant3ie Cdr the to Fra sgt gift  Yuji Bunp item full cart ssh. Who entered hoiisjng5cbtittemmfilapac33slsd.tosbdw some add Tif identfflcim�?Ttmcilen.lttet.id3s3k$bj0t3atatiddm tem Orist attach Kwh the extra Security.  to we Niimd Tda press my anger  use eased Tso Musiro and in Trie _ sex Etc Wewt Issaa  to no _ -peeaf<en�amtaiaenbmrsak3r� sures our famines anti  Ernesti in Jib Madfis equate  tl3ds&wfro__ did Rrt Vert Ftika is of phases Werb id gotten. ?�hchns3fflrid just As a irn Portal str sri Ibi fun eans Adverl re by web.  aus be cwt cant we gel some a Ermanell ?cqura3�sr? Quot a a a Row a oath    far Jer Rorsi i acts i know t Steep Bailie a at tight. _ _   a Kilt col. Dennis l Weems chief anti. Terror Lam Branch office of the Provost marshal he Usa eur and 7th army replies army families living in leased housing and Wruthe Economy have not been forgotten by Security planners Adl Jusa eur communities Are required to have plans for protecting off Post military personnel. These plans include Host nation support As Well As . Initiatives. Such As watchful Eye the Security measures used on the Post Are Noi i always appropriate or Legal off  status of forces agreement sofa gives us extensive authority to enforce Law and provide Security in those areas that have been officially designated As . Facilities. Off Post we i. Hovemo More authority than a German citizen except Over  personnel. Host nation authorities retain primary responsibility for protecting . Forces person Rieland their families. German authorities at every level provided tremendous support to Dur Security operations. The amount of this support varied from Community to Community based on the threat area to be protected and capabilities of Host nation police. Examples included counter surveillance using unmarked vehicles investigation of suspicious n activity reports sharing counterintelligence increased a Satoris watching people suspected of having terrorist connections Etc. Don t assume nothing was done to protect you because you did t see armed guards posted at each facility.  . European come s pamphlet 25-1, Quot personal awareness guide to anti terrorism Quot r throughout Usa eur communities. This pamphlet is an excellent source of Security tips to reduce your a vulnerability to criminal acts moreover training films and. A videos on anti terrorism subjects including How to 1 inspect your car for bombs Are available from training. Aid support centers task. Your sponsors unit should be Able to assist you in obtaining the pamphlet and the jims. To 1 commanders May obtain other information and a assistance from their Provost marshals and counterintelligence  a to write us readers. Action line is the readers court of last resort Quot striving to answer some of the questions a a a about life overseas in a military environment or questions about policies and guidelines when other avenues for answers Are not readily available. If you a have , and Don t know where to turn for the answer write to readers action line co the stars and stripes Apo 09211-4211, All letters must be signed and preference will be Given to thos6 seeking information of general interest to our a a readers. A Page to thess truths and stripes wednesday May 1,1991