Southern France Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - July 8, 1945, Nice, Provence Alpes Cote d�?TAzur The stars and stripes Magazine sunday july 8, 1945. Jug Quot deep and most favourable impression among numerous spaniards who resented the easy Access to both embassies which some pro nazis and Fala Gist elements have enjoyed.1 the London observer cheered a the British and american embassies in Madrid seem to have realized at last that Spain today is not Only a shelter for nazi agents capital and ideas but excellent ground for the survival and expansion of nazi propaganda.1 the targets of the embassies attack were described in observer language As a the same people who today Are waiting and working with the utmost impudence for another conflagration which they Hope will be produced Between Russia and the Anglo americans and Are trying to sow discord Between the allies As the Only Hope of their survival. Perhaps the worst blow to Al Caudillo a regime was the Promise of Nuncio delegates at san Francisco that his government never will be admitted into the world Security organization. Francois efforts to counteract unfavourable world opinion were typified by a recent interview he granted to the British United press. The unsavoury falange was completely explained away. That organization was going through a a constant process of the Spanish Premier said adding a the falange wields no political Power today. But this disclaimer was in Complete contrast to Francois words in december 1942 a i believe in Spain because i believe in the falange the political expression of Spain a if Franco was Meek and appealing in his attitude toward Britain and the ., he made no Effort to encourage cordial rela w United in the Congress of Berlin to oppose l russian aspirations in the Straits. The situation was reversed during the last War when Britain and France Allied to Russia the costly and futile Gallipoli the Campaign against Turkey to Force the Dar Ait Danelley and reach Russia. Lital the treaty of Lausanne that followed gave the Tea allies Tiu Freedom of the Straits by creat nto ins demilitarized zones along the Darda Mal Nelles and the bosporus. Italian aggression a in Ethiopia and German reoccupation of the Rhineland scared Turkey and she demanded the right to fortify the Straits. At the Toter Zzz National conference at Monteux. The allies is rat a Reed that while the Straits were to remain Quot a a open to merchant shipping i peace or War Eny Turkey should dose them to War Craft during int hostilities a 1 a he the Straits were dosed to Allied warships during this War but Russia when she recently denounced her Friendship treaty with Turkey charged that Turkey violated Monteux Convent on by permitting a unarmed germans to Cross the Straits. Rim now Russia is making demands for the my modification of the Monteux convention Nutte As the basis for a new Friendship treaty with Turkey although details Are not known it is believed that Moscow wants the Dar Ola Danelley closed to All warships except those of Turkey and Russia. The matter is too big for of Russia and Turkey alone and it May be taken up at the coming big three meeting. Communist Russia finds herself acting the 5 a a same strategic compulsions As czarist Russia. 1 geography has Little regard for. Forms of government. Tons with weaker France. Angered by the incident at Chambry where frenchmen attacked a train Load of spaniards being repatriated from Germany the Spanish dictator steadfastly refused to extradite Pierre Laval sorely wanted by the French to stand trial for treason. The London daily mad speculated that Frances no. 1 fascist might now escape the Guillotine and a die gracefully of old age Well fed and surrounded by because Spain last week was still fascist. I a a a Monomer last week a Monomer was held in the streets of Paris for the first time in five years. Students at an engineering school decided to hold one at the end of the school year despite protests that these were War times and having fun was Pas Bon. Many of the students had worked with the Fri before the liberation and Felt that they deserved a Chance to blow off steam. Led by a rickety Wagon drawn by students and decorated like a Model t Ford on a College Campus the Young men and women marched up from the latin Quarter to an ancient Square atop one of the highest Points of Montmartre overlooking the rest of Paris. They whooped and hollered to the tinny music of an out of tune brass band. Most of the men were in costume. Many wore the Broad hats and swaggering uniforms that were stylish in the Days of dear Tainan and the three musketeers Complete with Black must chios. Others had on loin cloths or just a weird mixture of anything they could find. Many wore the purple Caps of French engineering schools decorated with pins and emblems of All kinds. A Jolly crowd quickly formed in the Montmartre Square As the students who had finished their courses grouped themselves around the new collegians who had just completed their Entrance exams the beginners were on their Kness. They started a Bonfire and egged on by an my who called Ttye plays from a microphone placed on top of a pole they shot off roman candles and threw effigies of their professors into the flames. When the last professor was burned to a cinder to the accompaniment of mighty cheers the students scattered through the streets Arm in Arm with their girl friends Quot everyone had a Good time. Ship of these forces would have to be settled before complications arise in their joint operations with american troops. In this Light the sudden trip of chinese prime minister t. V. Soong to Moscow assumed great significance. The Speed of his departure from chunking almost immediately after his return from san Francisco emphasized the urgency of the problem and the deterioration of chunking communist relations. The russians were expected to Tell Soong that the soviet government was prepared to mediate the internal a come with during one of the Early campaigns in China a handful of japs was surrounded by a larger chinese Force. As the japs fought on a chinese messenger under a White Flag was sent to them with a note which read a you have fought bravely and we but you Are so outnumbered that there can be no Hope of survival. Surely after such an exit Hibi Tion of bravery and loyalty there can to no stigma attached to surrender. The japs replied by cutting off the head of the note bearer for the a a insult in presuming that they would not be Loyal unto death. A duty is weightier than a Mountain while 1 death is Light As a Feather a the Jap recruit is taught. In the tradition of Bushido the Stern Jap Warrior code death by ones own hand was preferable to falling into the hands of the enemy. In remaining True to that training the japs relied More and More on a suicide As a tactic. After the recent shakeup in their Navy the japs said that they planned to use their entire air Fleet in a a special attack suicide their armory includes a bewildering array of weapons Kamikaze suicide planes Jin Rai Man Thunder the piloted rocket propelled flying bombs nicknamed the a Aba Kay Mirets or air borne saboteurs not 4%�?o to mention suicide subs and boats. If attacks due to Kamikaze attacks a a a recent five Day period the Navy listed 4,270 men dead or missing and 4,171 wounded a the greatest naval casualties encountered in any of our operations to this among the Many ships badly damaged were the battleship Bunker Hill which lost 373 men and America s oldest aircraft Carrier the Saratoga. On land Many japanese soldiers emulated their commanding general and his chief of staff on Okinawa who Slit their stomachs in Hara Kiri fashion. Before the Island fell scores of japs jumped into the sea of blew. A their brains out with grenades. Then pre. Mier Kan Taro Suzuki called on the entire nation to make up a suicide corps of 100 million people. Men from 15 to 60 and women from 17 to 40 would be drafted into a suicidal borne guard. v but last week Commanders reported that More and More japs were surrendering. At the end of May an american division m a three Day period in the Philippines took a 46 prisoners a record at that time. In june. Another division in the Philippines rounded up 600 prisoners in 36 hours. By the Endt of the Okinawa Campaign prison cages held. 9,000 enemy soldiers although Many were koreans and okinawan. Ten months after the or. Capture of Guam the last Jap officer surrendered with 33 men in a face saving ceremony by which he agreed to a acorns with Quot the americans. The Choice Between suicide and surrender win be made More often As american forces get close to Japan. It was too Early to say whether the surrenders marked a new trend. The suicide tradition is strongest among the officers less compelling in the rank fils and weakest among the new recruits called from the reserves who have not yet been subjected to the Seishun Koiku or in Doc urination course of the Jap army. It All depends on the Eitai. Japan ski. Landon Hoover president Truman sought out even most conservative republicans bluntness that sharply contrasted with the soft spoken policy pursued by the During the War the american embassy a bulletin a a Sesanario Gre fico a devoted most of a recent Issue to a Strong editorial denouncing Spanish journalists who a under the simple Guise of news Are continuing abroad the work of or. the american attack on the Spanish press was followed a few Days later by a similar article in the British embassy bulletin. Reuter reported that the departure from leniency on the part of And British press departments in Madrid produced a Europe Eta in awaits trial for treason inhere was a time when the destiny of a i France fell into the hands of one Frenchman. He capitulated and the third Republic died. For that surrender and the events which followed. Marshal Henri Phi upper pm Tain stands trial for treason. The Silver haired hero of one War and accused traitor of another is now 89 years old to Many frenchmen he still symbolizes the victorious France of 1918. Pm taints trial is not simply directed at bringing one individual to Justice. It is rather a Public attempt to exonerate France from the stigma of nazi collaboration and at the same time to re affirm republicanism As Frances Legal Way of political life As opposed to the authoritarianism of pm Tain. Orphe stage for the trial the most celebrated since the Dreyfus Case has been set against a lavish historical backdrop. What will unfold there is the re telling of a National tragedy on a world scale its plot the history of six years its cast some of the men who shaped those years. Principals in the cast headed by the erect figure of the marshal Are Public prosecutor Andry Momet White haired bearded state s attorney who convicted Mata Hari in the last War. Re demands pm taints death. Defense counsel Fernand Payen former head of the French bar association and one of the most distinguished lawyers in Europe. He will try to prove pm Tain saved France. Gen. Charles de Gaulle head n the French provisional government whom pm taints Vichy courts once condemned to death in absent a for organizing the free French movement. Pm Tain is expected to Appeal to de Gaulle for clemency if condemned to death. Prime minister Winston Churchill of great Britain with whom pm Tain claims to have concluded a secret agreement m 1940 which the marshal says motivated Bis political course during the occupation. Admiral William Leahy ambassador to France at the Start of War whom the defense has asked to testify in the marshals behalf. Pierre Laval Vichy foreign minister who is trying to beat a treason charge by hiding out in Barcelona where he has been permitted to remain by the Spanish dictator Franco. Laval probably will be tried in absent a. And finally the inevitable a a mystery Many without whom no trial would of Complete. He is Louis Rougier a former philosophy professor at the University of Lyon who promoted a secret treaty negotiations with Britain in 1940 and who has since written a Book about them. Rougier a now in the One of the nation oldest living statesmen pm Tain has seen the Rise and fall of 108 French governments including his own since his birth at the end of the second Napoleonic Empire in 1856. An the eve of Frances defeat the mar a Shal picked up the reins of government wiped out the Constitution of the third Republic and became a de Facto dictator by German if not French consent. Capitulation followed. The prosecution will attempt to prove that pm Tain opposed democracy that he surrendered prematurely to an Effort to set up a totalitarian regime. It will accuse him As Vichy a head of turning France against Britain and the United states of allowing millions of frenchmen to be taken to Germany As slaves of preventing the French Fleet at Toulon from joining the allies and of ceding French colonial bases to the germans. The prosecution probably will air charges of pm taints connection with the Ca Goulardt a pre War fascist organization and fix on him responsibility for the Vichy militia which operated with the Gestapo against French patriots and sniped at american soldiers during the liberation of Paris. It he state contends also that pm Tain wired Hitler aug. 21. 1942, urging the fuehrer to consider use of French troops in repelling Allied invasion. This Telegram which the state claims was sent just after the Dieppe raid was found among Luggage of Fernand de Britoon former Vichy ambassador to the German military government in Paris when French troops entered Sig Marogen to Southern Germany where de Brinon had taken Refuge. The Core of pm taints defense is the secret treaty which his attorneys have promised to introduce As evidence that pm Tain was secretly trying to Aid Britain while appearing to play Ball with Hitler. The marshal claims that agreement was negotiated to october 1940. Both Churchill and the British foreign office deny that any such treaty was signed. Phe defense however claims it was ratified by the British foreign office in a Telegram sent nov. 21, 1940, to the Consul general in Geneva. According to the defense Rougier the professor tuned ambassador without portfolio has turned Over photostatic evidence of the Telegram to a. French commission of inquiry which interviewed him to Washington. The treaty according to the defense authorized the French to repel any aggression in French colonies by British troops on the theory that a British move into French colonial territory would bring about full nazi occupation to reprisal in return the Vichy French were not to attempt to take French territory held by de Gaulle a free French forces. Of Tain a counsel contend further that it also specified that the French Fleet anchored at Toulon was to be destroyed to prevent it from falling into German hands that bases were not to the ceded to the germans and that the British would lift the Mediterranean blockade so that food ships could ply Between France and North Africa. The defense s attitude is that irrespective of whether the treaty was ratified formally or not it was applied by both Vichy France and by Britain. The defense claims the blockade was relaxed France scuttled the Fleet As Hitler moved into the unoccupied zone and no bases were yielded the germans. However the prosecution con tends that Vichy demonstrated the valueless Ness of any such treaty by yielding air bases to the germans in Tunisia and to Syria. To reply to charges of premature sur Render pm Tain maintains it was the Only Way to prevent France from becoming another Poland. Release of the French Fleet to the allies pm Tain has told interrogators would have resulted in a nazi demand for return of 700,000 released a French pcs end of the Vichy government and establishment of a German Gau Jeiter Over France. The aged marshal Points to himself As one of Frances resistant during the occupation. While he could not openly approve the resistance movement be said he sought to modify Laval a attempts to repress it. Pm taints role at Vichy the defense will try to show was that of a protector of Defeated France while the allies prepared the Victory. Despite his years the marshal is re a ported to Good health at his Mont Rouge prison just outside Paris. He can read for some time without glasses and takes walks in the morning. A or i Rogat ors from the courts inquiry commission which has just completed the Job it sifting the evidence have found the marshal Lucid and Sharp in the mornings but with a tendency to repeat himself Aid forget As he tires. As pm Tain writes his memoirs to occupy himself at Mont Rouge and to leave a is Story for France to read he May recall mis statement to a priest a year after he formed the Vichy government. Things were not going Well and the old Man was trunking of death. A i wish to be buried in the Ossa car it at Verdun a he said a among those French and German dead marked As unknown. There is a Chapel in the crypt which stands empty. It is for me. Whatever happens to me it is there that i shall go to take my last rest at the head of my soldiers it is i alone whom history will 7 Home the War preparations China a military position last november reached its lowest Point since the japs started scrapping at the Marco Polo Bridge in 1937. In a steady drive on the chinese Mainland the japs captured a string of Forward american bases from which the 14th air Force had smashed the enemy in Eastern China and the China seas. With the fall of Luchow on nov. 10, american bombers were thrown Back to rear bases. Untold amounts of Money equipment and Man hours of work were sacrificed in the withdrawal. Besides seizing the bases the japs won another great Victory by driving a corridor through free China and cutting off Chung King a troops from the Eastern coast. The enemy had a solid line from Southeast China northward to Manchuria. Yet last week barely eight months later the chinese position had improved to the Point where american landings on the China coast were expected momentarily. It. Gen. Albert c. Wedemeyer or. Commander in China said that american ground troops to China were helping keep open the Supply line through which Lend lease supplies were arriving and were helping to train chinese troops in the use of modern weapons. Generalissimo Chi amp Ngkai Shek prophesied that these .-trained chinese divisions would go into action soon and possibly would Bear the Brunt of the fighting. About face militarily the situation had turned full Circle. The japs were engaged to a Broad strategic Retro at from Southeast China having been repulsed when they counter attacked to strengthen their anti invasion coastal defences. Their Supply line to North China was obliterated. The chinese now held 280 Miles of unbroken coastline where american troops could land. They had recon Luchow air base and pushed closer to other bases abandoned last november. U.8. Airmen now could return to Dick up where they left off. Underlying this improved military picture was the continuing struggle Between the chinese Central government at chunking and the communist regime at Venan. Troops of both factions were converging on the invasion geared coastal District the pm new Secretary a one of the persistent isolationist arguments was that the or. Had better stay out of International bickering and mind its own business because americans were no match for foreign diplomats. If this were True and the president had set out deliberately to choose for Secretary of state a Man who could keep up with foreign a horse traders a Many believe that he could hardly have selected a better Man than shrewd Gray James Francis Byrnes of Spartanburg . Byrnes Long career in Congress culminating to the Post of chief administration a a fixer to the Senate was characterized by horse trading a compromising Here backs lapping there yielding concessions one place and winning them another making friends and influencing senators. Foreign affairs scholar there were other sound reasons for the appointment of the vigorous 66-year-old South Carolton. He is one of the Best informed men in the country on foreign affairs particularly on inside details of the personal negotiations of Franklin Roosevelt with Churchill and Stalin. The Berlin meeting of the big three will be nothing new a half of the article in the our Dan explained to englishmen whose government subsidised radio dictator Franco a a mis regime was Lambauer stations broadcast no advertisements what a Mercoal was. The article paid special attention to he objectionable a singing commercial Uperti or traitor t the stage for Init a a Roll los Tronu Siaa a Salsa ii historical Hac a. A. A a Monomer is the name Given to in. Street celebrations of parisian University is no the Oer Nanna forbade them during the occupation. General fuss in. P s i a. Fun. He took Tea a
