European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - March 12, 1950, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Russian snorkel Fleet ii continued from Page 3 worlds first True the or breathing cylinders about As Long As a sucks air Down into a submarines Hull when it is cruising at Periscope and expels exhaust this simple device permits the modern submarine to on its diesel thus its undersea cruising Range is at least Only by the amount of Oil the submarine can modern submarines today have submerged for at a they can Cross the oceans under hat this Means to the difficult science of submarine detection is pretty the modern sub Marine does not to surf Ace each night to recharge its and nightly communication with its Home while it might be is not radar does not penetrate and the radar detection of a tiny like a snorkel head or the tip of a Periscope is far More difficult than the radar identification of a surfaced of a entire sub1 the modern Russia is building modern other it can submerge to greater Depths it operates More silently than its world War ii sister with the Aid of streamlining and More powerful batteries for completely submerged cruising it makes far higher Speed beneath the sea its weapons now Are Doe that travel without telltale Wake and Home on their targets missiles that can be guided by radio acoustic or pres sure arid the end is not yet most of the worlds principal naval Powers already Are Well advanced in the design of Gas Turbine engines for one such the German Walther Hydrogen peroxide utilizes a fuel which provides its own thus eliminating the necessity for Bulky electric batteries for completely atomic Power for submarines looms in and in another three to 10 years submerged speeds May be in creased from the present 15 to knots to 25 modern submarines of this Type could the Convoy no longer would Speed insure even for the great Queens of the a snorkel could Cross the Atlantic submerged at Periscope depth and from Many Miles off our coast launch missile into the heart of new in one sense it might be said that one of the most important defences against the russian submarine is the land defense of Western the denial to Russia of Atlantic ports for use As in another sense strategic bombing russian Oil factories and sub Marin building plants is part of the an incomplete answer end Hye from the navys Point of View the first objective would be to vipers in their nests that to strike with Carrier task forces against soviet sub Marine Oil storage and naval particularly against the Kola installations on the Arctic and against Petropavlovsk in the the second naval objective would be to keep As Many of the russian sub marines As possible penned in their land locked and ice locked mining to interdict the Kattegat and the Baltic Kola the White sea Murmansk and the Straits into the Pacific would be an extensive and important Means of combating the sub Marine particularly if the rus sians were restricted to use of their present but if War some russian u despite our Best efforts to pen them would almost certainly find their Way into the open once these destroyers of the deep were at Large in the High the ask anti submarine warfare Job of the Navy would be Protection of our transoceanic and coastal shipping lanes and of coastal Points against sub Marine depredations would demand uie use of hundreds of ships and planes of Many different types in Convoy duty and patrol to detect a snorkel Type submarine v at sea is almost like looking for a Needle in a cod breaking and direction finding will still be but they Promise to be less effective than in world War it be futile to Send Hunter killer groups scurrying More or less aimlessly Over wide areas of Ocean the improved inv sigh Ity of fihe snorkel submarine against radar might make search Over a wide area vain and too prodigal of ships and patrol flying land and Hunter killer groups will operate therefore Over bottlenecks or Straits of the such As the approaches to new York the eng Lish the Irish the grand the Strait of or in close proximity to to accomplish any destruction the submarines would have to approach or pass through some of narrow seas or would have to Man Euver into attacking position against a the coastal shipping the approaches to the narrow seas and the great convoys Are the magnets which will draw the snorkels out of the Haystack of the vast open even finding the submarines still would present sound radio Waves remain the principal Means of against a snorkelling or surfaced sound against a sub merged a third magnetic airborne mounted in blimps considerable usefulness in quite narrow Ocean the Strait of Gibraltar because its Range is it has less usefulness in the wide a Needle on the mad registers an impulse when the plane passes Over the Metal Hull of a submarine surfaced or submerged and the magnetic lines of Force in the earths Field Are thus the fourth which requires a Good pair of eyes and super watch is visual but More often this results in false alarms instead of actual detection and and navigation have been much improved Ince world War ii to meet ther Challenge it the snorkel subs been Able to pick up gases Given by the tube of a snorkel the newest radar has detected snorkel head quite a few Miles sea conditions of the of Trainr ing i the operators make major differences in effectiveness 6t even Joe Moat modern v sound detection has two general one simply involves with the help of delicate for the engine and water noises made by an enemy sub the newest equipment has been to pick up sounds amazing distances from their sources and to give a clue to the general location of tiie for precise locating of a Marine and the data needed attack another sound detection must be sound Waves Are broadcast from the searching ship a procedure which the the the ass one of the navy1 High powered Demon Strates its enormous Power by almost vertically from off key Echo of these sound when they strike the submerged Hull of a is reflected Back to the searching ship and is picked up by delicate the direction of the submarine from the attacking ship is indicated when the Echo is and the distance can be measured by transforming the interval Between the broadcast of the sound wave and the reception of the reflected wave time into the variation in the pitch of the returning by scientists the doppler can indicate to a Well trained sonar the approximate course and Speed of the with a skilled operator and Good is quite but its Range is though All types of ships and aircraft Are used for detection obviously the More sonar and radar there the better for observations taken from a number of ships scattered Over the Ocean will give a fix on an enemy submarine and will locate its position quite conventional destroyers have been re equipped with modern radar and and patrol planes like the navys p2v Neptune Are being fitted with new some of them also carry the mad or magnetic but the trend is toward the construction of specialized Antisubmarine vessels and aircraft of Many new a Elk or Light Cruiser Hunter killer ship of some tons nor and two destroyers have been converted to or destroyer killer the keel an Antisubmarine a highly Maneu Merable 150ton Yessel has been and two More Are these vessels Are to be equipped with the latest Type detection instruments the or High frequency the most modern radar and plotting and tracking and the latest postwar sub Marine the new Antisubmarine experimental prototype Are expected to be particularly effective air sonar a submarine is an especially Good listening Post because it can submerge to Levels where wave surface noises do not interfere with sound and to strata of Ocean where the water temperature is More less constant and sound less the idea is not new the British used submarines to destroy Ger Man boats in both world but the instruments and weapons Are the submarines might be particularly for stationed at submerged patrolling stations across a narrow in close proximity to the sortie fro russian sub in addition to Normal radar equipped patrol which will play a Large part in Antisubmarine the Navy also using radar equipped planes flown from Hunter killer carriers for search and both blimps and helicopters have a new importance i patrol and search operations both can use not Only radar mad but also the ability of the Blimp and helicopter to hover above the sea them to sensitive microphones by Cable into the to pick up the sound of an enemy sonar buoys or floating buoys equipped with Micro phones to pick up sub noises and to transmit them automatically to a Mother ship Are other during the refined since the helping to fix the position of an enemy but detection or location of the sub Marine is Only one part of the problem of ask destruction or neutralization is the for this All sorts of new weapons Are in service or under depth charges Are St shells or projectiles of various types with either Contact or proximity of them using the shape charge principle similar to that used in the Bazooka projectile to give them the punch necessary to puncture the Strong pressure Hull of a modern Are useful Spe Cial which Home on their targets Blun nosed bombs with delayed fuses which will follow a trajectory through water instead of skipping along the guided bombs and and various devices for counter mining detonate a submarines torpedoes be fore they reach their target Are All part of the modern ask i the neutralization or destruction of a modern snorkel submarine involves perhaps the ultimate in technical no one no one ship or or weapon is sufficient for the Job the ask team May be scattered across Miles of operating on both shores of the radar mounted in planes and ships scanning the sea and sonar listening for the invisible ask Means control and Harbor and coastal a command and administrative and research and development organization to it it Means continuous sonar and radar opera Tion and Iri tracking and Plott Grid planning for warfare against the sub Marine has the highest naval priority for the soviet complemented by soviet Long Range recon Naissance aircraft and and shipping portend a serious if War should to Allied control tace seas and domination of the even in the age of the could Well mean the difference Between Victory and i the streamlined uss newly shown on a test the stars and stapes