European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - September 12, 1977, Darmstadt, Hesse Iasi by Israel Shenker new York times a popular theory holds that we use Only 10 per cent of the brain and that wonders would flow if we could learn to use Theresa. Having whipped that notion around the circuits of his mind Edward Fredkin pro Fessor of computer science at the Massachusetts Institute of technology disagreed. My View is that just getting along in Boston takes 110 per cent of Capao Ity More in new York and a lot of people break since either alternative under utilization or overloading will simply not do scientists like Fredkin have linked minds computers and optimism. About 850 scientists recently flocked to Mit for the fifth biennial International conference on artificial intelligence or . Fredkin thinks there is an excellent Chance of getting artificial intelligence a thinking machine a device whose Man made brain is even better than a Man s before the Century s end. It requires a combination of Engi Neering and science and we already have the engineering. In order to pro Duce a machine that thinks better than Man we Don t have to under stand everything about Man. We still Don t understand feathers but we can Fredkin who never got a degree having failed College flies planes competes in glider competitions and lets his imagination soar. The first artificial intelligence will be smart about some things and dumb about others like humans. In the Distant future we won t know what computers Are doing or Why. If two of them Converse they la say in a second More than All the words spoken during All the lives of All the people who Ever lived on this planet. If you interrupted them to ask what they were talking about they d have to say general things once there Are clearly intelligent machines they won t be interested in stealing our toys or dominating us any More than they would be interested in dominating chimpanzees or taking nuts away from artificial intelligence is the descendant of ancient musings about the potential for Good and evil. It was easy enough for mythology even for prosaic fiction As or. Frankenstein demonstrated but not until 1956 was the necessary step a foundation Grant negotiated. John Mccarthy then assistant professor of mathematics at Dartmouth collected the Money and friends including Marvin Minsky. Now of Mit Allen Newell and Herbert Simon now both at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. It was a moment said prof. Pamela Mccorduck of the University of Pittsburgh when Art metamorphosed itself into science from wish and dream to something like Mccarthy now of Stanford univer sity summarized work to come As conceptual breakthroughs noting what you want is 1.7 einsteins and .3 of the Manhattan project and you want the einsteins first. I believe it la take 5 to 500 Minsky is convinced that the convention Al Wisdom about How hard things Are to do is wrong. What is difficult is not calculus. I think. I am. Program Jlse. About 1 he suggested since a machine can do Cal Culus but rather what 5-year-Olds do in learning to speak and read and judge. No machine does that. Me is therefore working on a theory of How a machine could be As versatile As a 5 year old. We re trying to understand How a machine could improve itself that s what a 5 year old does. In learning the 5-year-old learns things that make him better at learning other things. It grows up it learns to be a 6-year-old." at one crowded session of the four Day conference a member of the audience challenged speakers to name a single machine that could do what a 2-year-old could. I Hope it won t do everything my 2-year old does one operator rejoined. There Are about 50 dimensions of intelligence prof. Patrick Winston director of Mit s artificial Intelli gence Laboratory suggested. If a computer were to have the general intelligence of a 10-year-old, it would need to be Able to do arithmetic see feel make an Arm move with Grace learn do problems have common sense. Common sense is about the hardest thing for a machine and for humans As Minsky sees the brain As an advanced society with negotiations compromises and alliances among the neighbourhoods and inhabitants. A very modern Branch of psychology with close ties to linguistics and philosophy is How he described ., noting it s a new Field like molecular biology and it s moving very when Simon was asked How far . Could go he replied Well know that when we re done. . Means for me a tool for at tacking what seems to me the scientific problem of our age How to understand ourselves More deeply. Man can find meaning and dignity in a world where he views himself As a part of nature not apart from nature. There s nothing More demeaning in be Lieving that Man s intelligence is explicable in physical Law than in believing that digestive processes Are explained while i practice digestion More than i practice intelligence rejoined Mit s prof. Joseph Weizenbaum i can say confidently that he s Weizenbaum suggested that physical knowledge of How the brain works would not be enough it would t Tell us whether you re thinking of hamburgers your lost youth or cheating on an Weizenbaum a professor of computer science is the most persistent critic of . And he sees the computer As the starkest Symbol of pursuing Means without considering ends. In order to get As Large an understand ing As possible it s necessary to see the world from a variety of perspectives he said. While science can brilliantly illuminate certain aspects of the world it leaves other aspects totally dark. For these aspects we have to Appeal to the artist the novelist the musician to the artist in when an audience listening to Simon laughed at one of his allusions Weizen Baum Rose to ask if . Would understand that sort of joke. Simon replied that he knew of no system with a serious sense of humor Ora sense of serious humor and that a Fuller answer to the question might be a worthy goal for a doctoral thesis. I Don t know if the com Puter would laugh he added. Plants for the blankets turning. Peanuts 60ne Lormor Blanket re 7b 010�0� Pacye to no Longs Reault need it to�5 a just Blanket into the trash blink destroyed forever be Olla Molo hold a Blanket bi/rmim6" which till met size w Neu freq pm Toel w a nod free Fritt the terrible Holp it once Hap of m3u.m3u Are a Neu person could t we a 3ymbolic Blanket of bumper stickers everybody s by . Mason United press International to cd radio operators were driving on an interstate Highway recently and one asked the other on his radio what he meant by the found it bumper sticker. The Driver with the bumper sticker offered to pull to the Side of the Road and explain but the other Motorist said he did t have time. However a trucker going the other direction overheard the conversation on his cd and said he did have the time. The two met the car Driver explained that he has found Christ told the trucker of salvation and claimed another soul for Jesus bumper stickers proclaiming religious messages have become common in the United states in recent years but not All Church leaders agree that this is a proper medium for religious expression. Some stickers bearing anti Christian slogans have appeared. Us Swanson whose husband Eric is the director of the Campus crusade for Christ at the University of Colora do in Boulder said she was very disappointed when she saw a Young Man with an i lost it sticker on Hiscar. I Felt sorry for him she said. It made me want to talk to still other stickers appeared in the past year saying i can t find it or carrying the Star of David with i never lost the i found it stickers were a part of the Here s life America Campaign organized last summer by the Campus Cru Sade headquartered in san Bernardino calif., and its National president. Bill right while enormous Success was claimed by the organizers several theologians believe it started a trend toward bumper sticker evangelism that has reduced the dignity of the deity. Don Wellman pastor of Denver s first Church of the Nazarene has hundreds of parishioners with bumper stickers on their cars. But he said the stickers were becom ing too commercialized. Christianity is such an important life changing experience. It deserves the dignity that does t belong on a bumper sticker. The Sellers have almost prostituted that he May have been referring to such stickers As the rapture the Only Way to Fly this is a god squad car or life insurance try the Jesus Christ All Are steady Sellers at religious Book stores. The most popular Are those dealing with the rapture said Mary still Man Ager of one of the five Bible Book stores in metropolitan Denver. Bumper stickers have been a really steady Selling item forthe last four the rapture according to Christian theology is the time when god claims his followers both the living and the dead and Calls them into heaven leaving unbelievers on Earth still said honk if you love Jesus was the first popular bumper sticker. Then came More evangelistic slogans such As anyone can honk tithe if you they re always coming up with differ ent sayings and More Catchy phrases said still. We order new stickers about four times a she said most buyers were teen agers or born again christians anxious to express their new Faith. Bill Woods of Denver another Here s life organizer said he believed the commercialization of religious bumper stickers is a sign of the times. There s been a real surge of interest in the born again phenomenon because of people like president Carter Chuck co Sonand Anita Woods said he believed most people really Are declaring themselves when they put bumper stickers on their cars. " i found it was the exception he said. Most people with bumper stickers Are not trying to share with others but just identifying that they Are believers in Jesus Christ. I m really impressed with Swanson said older christians found them appear to realize bumper stickers can be irritating to others. That s not our purpose she said. I chose not to put one on my car because i Don t want to intimidate anyone. Jesus should be worn All Gary Hauch is an associate pastor at the Rev. Charles Blair s Calvary Temple in Denver which televised sunday worship services through the Rocky mountains and great Plains. He agrees that bumper sticker evangelism has gone too far. Although they May serve As a conscious Raiser they also serve to cheapen the gospel by making it trite said Hauch. It becomes a chichi ish process rather than the profound process that it Hauch said bumper stickers grew out of the Campus movements of the late 1960s. People identified with causes at that time and wore those causes very externally. Bumper stickers were a natural outflow of that. They identify with a cause and get the message across very Ron Smith executive vice president and chief operating officer of Oral Roberts University in Tulsa okla., said bumper stick ers Are not a big item on Campus. He said the religious school takes no official Posi Tion on believe that what you do talks so much louder than what you say said Smith. It s not doing much Good for go when an evangelical bumper sticker is seen going Down the Highway at 75 Miles per by Chris Roberts associated press Here s Good news for mothers and the makers of Teddy bears it s perfectly Normal for toddlers tooling to Security objects like blankets and stuffed toy animals. That s the word from Ellen Gay a Clini Cal psychologist who after studying Young children and their treasured objects has concluded that children who tote blankets like Linus in the cartoon strip peanuts Are simply taking a helpful anxiety break. A toddler s problems an affront from a playmate inability to master a new toy a harsh word from Mother May seem minor to an adult but to the child they Are terribly upsetting says Gay who wrote about kids and their fuzzy friends in her . Thesis at Bryn mawr College. Contact with something soft and comforting something that May have originally been a substitute for Mother s closeness and warmth during in fancy can help the child keep an even keel through his difficult times. It s a Chance to rebuild his Confidence. It s perfectly in her research Gay who now works with Delaware guidance services for child and youth in Wilmington found that stress indications Rose sharply just before the child went to his Blanket. While he held it regressive behaviour dropped sharply. The child was refreshed and ready once again to explore and master his the psychologist said children often take to blankets because they encounter them shortly after birth and find them soft like skin. She said Little boys tend to show a greater amount of stress and regressive behaviour than Little girls but that it May not mean that Little girls Are less upset. It May be that they just Don t show it As much. After All girls Are expected to be nicer than she said most youngsters seem to give up their fuzzy friends by age 5 because by then they be Learned to handle most of their stresses mentally rather than physically. Asked what advice she had for parents with toddlers who hugged blankets and Teddy bears she replied a child s desire to be attached to them the Security items should be accepted and even encouraged. It allows the Chil Dren to become Independent of other people to use the Blanket instead of hold ing on to Mother All the time. They can go off by themselves and be at what age should a child give up Security blankets and Teddy bears i Don t think you should put an age on it. However if a child appears to be using it too much and pulling away from people or not playing with other kids this could Bea sign of maladjustment. If a child is 10 and still wants to sleep with say a Blan Ket i d say that s Okay but if he drags it to school there s obviously going to be prob lems. It depends on the child and the in the extreme she said if he carries it Down the aisle at his wedding he s got a Page 14 the stars and stripes monday september 12, 1977 the stars and stripes Page 15
