European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - September 11, 1980, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Page 20 the stars and stripes thursday september 11, 19bo Modem living differences in muscle fiber in athletics Mascle fiber Rej cacti a been used to design training methods to overcome the limitations of some competitors. "1 think hut within the foreseeable future scientific methods of training athletes will be developed to nuke them Mare perfect for the even it they \ athletes  now York times of. Sprinter who Stryks to Victory in the 100-Mccr dash and the Contr who delivers a Quick uppercut to Knock a Liis opponent in have been endowed at birth with a particular mix of muscle fibres that greatly contributed to their Chicca of Success on going studies by exercise Phy Siolo Gies suggest. Athletic prowess is a result of Many factors and an analysis of muscle fiber alone cannot predict Success. Gut studies in the United slates and abroad of the distribution of the iwo Iruin types of fibres known a1 fast twitch and slow twitch. In the major skeletal Muscles of the human body give insight into the reason an athlete can Excel ascertain events and do poorly in others. In id Ditria the research he confirmed the value of  in treating High blow pressure and Cay facilitate the design of rehabilitation programs for victim of a tact Dis raw and far tie creator attn of muscle function following an injury or prolonged bet Reil. The findings Luo Durmai Arnle the benefits Cadiff Trent Tel nil of exercise from jogging to weight lifting for the Aringe person. According to or. Robert Barnot. Director of the Storla Medicine Center at Lake Placid n.y., who i i a physician for the United Stales ski team the two types of fiber Are familiar to most people As the Liebl and dark meat of a Chicken or  fast switch muscle fibres contract rapidly and can produce bursts of Power at High speeds but tire rather quickly. Slow twitch fibres on the other hand contract More slowly and with Leit Power but can keep going Lor a Long  average person the studies have shown hoi a 50 50 distribution of slow twitch and fast twitch fibres in major skeletal Muscles a similar ratio is Likely to be found in weight lifters shot putters and High  the Muscles of Long distance runners and swimmers average about 80 percent Ilow twitch fibres  average More than 75 percent fast twitch fib  Boxer relies on fast to itch fibres to deliver a punch and a Middle distance or Long distance runner my Bable to Call upon fast twitch fibres to sprint to the finish  a Chicken the White meat of the win is mainly fast i which muscle fibres Ideal for Brief flurries of flight such As when the fowl it alarmed by Barking dog Arnot explained. The Chicken s leg however contains mostly red Slaw twitch fibres suited to the 14 or More hours of continuous walking that a Chicken Dews enc Day. Amol added Ibl when Tec lion Nelch Flonly Lulu its prey Alewtina for Suji heart  la for tin kiting Energy b its Fejt to Lech Al Bari no Lily Dux tvs. If inc lion he to a True la for any lit tace be d a Lcuy fatigue ind would t muscle fiber research is being used to design training methods to overcome the limitations of some competitors. Arc supposed to be training  said or. Elwood Henne Man a physiology professor at Harvard medical sch Iii who has been studying fiber types since the mid-l960i,particularly As they relate to the deterioration of muscle fiber in various  composition of the fibres in a muscle can be deter mined by painless Biopsy of the i Issue. White experts on muscle fiber do not recommend biopsies for Ether than research purpose there Are a variety of noninvasive endurance and strength test administered by exons Medicine specialists that indicate Liber makeup. Although the russians and East germans use fiber typing As part of a total body profile to determine what sports an individual should pursue most american Inoru physicians have resisted such classifications noting that current Dau on fiber types cannot accurately predict athletic Success. For example Don Kardong was Able to become an elite distance runner despite having Only 53 percent slow twitch fiber in his Call Muscles. By contrast the calf Muscles of Amby burbot Winner of the 1968 Boston Marathon Are almost All slow twitch fibres. Or. Philip Gollnick of Washington state University in Pullman noted even with different kinds of fiber types with wide training a Perton can do All kinds of activities. Some just have to work harder at it than  the different fiber thu rely u unto but differ ent tier y tuft of. A an a noted Lac Cal can Wing buteo int Beau fail twitch fiber he Gly Sofeo Trotti m to fat Energy a berm the incas More fit by oink Ilow two Tab Fibert arc fuelled by fitly cd u Well u Glyco to. Slow twitch Filben Are aerobic that is they use oxygen to bum fuel. Their red color ii due to myoglobin a the pigment that supplies muscle cells with oxygen the Way haemoglobin carries oxygen a the blood. The endurance of slow twitch Filben is limited by their fuel Supply which ordinarily rum out Ufier about two hour of moderately Stre Nuriu activity such Ai jogging. This is Whit happens when Maraih Ner Viiu the we reaches i Point of exhaustion Al around 20 Miles. Flit twitch Filben re More Likely to work anaerobically or without oxygen with fatigue resulting from the buildup of lactic acid which prevent the mute let from generating Mere  of human muscle fiber types have shown thai twitch cannot be changed by the kind of exercise done. Identical twins have identical fiber patterns in their Muscles Rhea though they May pursue different , change in the metabolic properties of the fibres Are possible. The Stow and fast twitch fiber Are used differently in different activities and Are affected differently by training techniques. Extensive endurance Type training can cause fast twitch fibres to behave More like slow twitch ones although the reverse docs not occur following Power or Speed raining such As weight lifting or sprinting. You can train a sprinter to be a Long distance runner but you can t turn a Long distance runner into a Printer said or Bengt Saltin physiologist it the August Kroehs Institute in Copenhagen. Saltin a Pioneer in mus Cle fiber research Hai performed More than 10,000 biopsies of human Muscles using the tissue samples to deter mine the structural and biochemical characteristic of muscle fibres. The it Torch by sat Tia and often Luu i town Tea endurance training Inch 11 through logging or wlm Mlej laps us react the la and Efficacy or Ilow till cd Filben both us number of Milo Boa Darla whats Are the rape Story Pone Rausei of cell us inc by hint of enzyme thai bom Fud in the presence of oxygen Tore acc u result of endurance training. Furthermore endurance Type activities increase the number of capillaries surrounding a muscle fiber enabling it to obtain More oxygen fuel and nutrients. The net result is a More efficient muscle cell that bums More fatty acids sparing the limited Supply of Glycogen and delaying fatigue. Extensive endurance mining can also change the fast twitch fiber. Once the slow twitch fibres Are exhausted fast twitch Filben Are called into play. There Are two subtypes a which is More aerobic and a which it highly aerobic. With prolonged endurance exercise on a repealed Bashi Subtype b gradually changes into we up a. Gaming aerobic enzymes that increase the stay ing Power of the muscle. Or. David co in a exercise physiologist Ai Ball sum University in Muncie ind., has found that Many highly trained swimmers have no fast twitch a fibres in theft upper body Muscles. Strength training Tuch As through weight lifting increase he Joe Remage of Ful to with Afi Bers also. Henneman has sluts Eek what happens to the different fiber in muscle diseases. He has found for example that certain fort of muscular dystrophy involve a fee live destruction of slow twitch fibres. Or Odets of Tel Alai eff Cut fleets Saor cil Tat it a a be possible to Delga ipe Clil pm Velci Ben a Rick Filben Tenby Rjohn music Usu Fin Xton. Similar i athletic Tajbl  it other Reje Archeri have noted that Pertra whose my mth"1." t apr Nta a of fast twitch fiber Artmore skely to have ugh blood pressure for them in the percentage of slow twitch and fast twitch fibres in Ane l Misc los it genetically determined the Basic types funny recliners an help to lower blood pressure