European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - January 31, 1981, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Tracking Down hide and seek viruses cell rna Capsid envelope when of the kind of viruses attack cell at do a defective virus May Roult a a single virus attacks a healthy b virus attaches itself to c cellular enzymes break Down the viral d negative rna Tran scribes a positive rna copy messenger e messenger rna instructs ribosomes to f negative g h and viral i viral proteins Migrate to cell membrane and form patches budding occurs when the negative rna and Capsid move into the j new viruses released from the cell Are exact duplicates of the infecting the new virus produced within the cell is missing much of the rna that was present in the infect ing new York times a virus infects a cell Center and new identical viruses Are circular insets show multiple viral infection that can produce abnormal by Harold Schmeck new York times defective viruses that play strange and prolonged Hildean seek games within the body Are leading scientists to new concepts of chronic disease and new potential strategies for treating and preventing the circumstances in which viruses go in so to Are teaching specialists much about the habits and evolution of these tiny infectious in Laboratory cell scientists have studied persistent virus infections that have been carried on continuously for More than seven they have found that some of the Lon hidden viruses change substantially Over time and yet Are capable of emerging thereafter to cause the medical significance is said t John Holland of the University of san one of the principal figures in this Field of we dont know How Many diseases Are caused by this Type of it could be some of those that Are suspected Are multiple possibly some forms of diabetes and ulcerative in their these diseases have Little in com multiple sclerosis is a progressive disease of the Central nervous system parkinsonism distorts control of voluntary movements diabetes involves disturbances in the body ability to use sugar while ulcerative colitis produces ulcers of the lower digestive in All of these diverse diseases there Are bits that virus infection May be a Over the specialists have searched in vain for a characteristic of the persistent infections in the lab orator grown cells could explain that failure it becomes More and More difficult Over time to find the Complete virus in such although the scientists know the infection is continuing and that the virus is in Many cases the persistent infections seem to be established through the action of aberrant viruses known As defective interfering in Many of the persistent infections seem to be uneasy truces Between virus and infected cells in which the balance of Power May swing either thus some features of the suppressed but persistent virus infections hint at Likely involvement in chronic there is evidence from animal research that this pro Cess May be going on in nature All the said Julius Youngner of the University of we just Haven been Able to isolate the agents be cause of their said Youngner who is a Pioneer in studying the mutant viruses that arise in persistence Youngner agrees with Holland on the importance of the particles in establishing chronic both be Lieve mutational changes other than simple deletions Are important in maintaining a persistent infection and per haps giving it a deadly at least one fatal disease seems to follow a course rather like this is a rare but usually fatal brain disorder called subacute Scle Rosing pan encephalitis known to virus specialists As its cause is the Ordi nary measles virus instead of disappearing completely and leaving life Long As is the Case with Ordinary measles in the virus in these rare Oneida million cases lingers in the patients causing no symptoms and showing no Trace for a decade or then it flares up to cause fatal destruction of the recent studies by William Hall and Purnell Choppin of Rockefeller University have offered an explanation for at least part of that sequence of they discovered that the measles virus in these cases loses the ability to make one single protein vital to replication of the it is like an Assembly line missing one Nec Essary lacking the protein necessary for its the virus segments clogging the infected but Are never Able to produce a Complete in the brains of patients who have died of subacute Scle Rosing pan encephalitis there is abundant evidence of parts of the measles but no Complete among is impressed by the Multi tude of different changes that take place in rna viruses Over the Span of As i All of us carry a number of rna As Well As Dan virus infections from childhood into Adul he we Are building up a Load of these viruses which Are constantly testing the surfaces of cells to see if the immune system can control once a mutation arises with which the immune de lenses cant disease May noting that some brain diseases that cause dementia and death Are known to be caused by Holland said it would be Prema Ture today to Rule out As possible virus diseases either the dementia of aging or any other chronic illness that devel Ops in the later years of he noted also that scientists of the National institutes of health have recently proved Strong links Between a virus infection and at least one human Case of much current research is focused on the defective interfering particles known to specialists As i Par they Are so called because they Are defective viruses and Are capable of interfering with Normal virus infect the particles appear to be produced when Many virus particles of the same kind infect one cell at scientists describe these viruses As deletion mutants because they have lost much of the nucleic acid that makes up their inner this loss is viruses Are wandering genes packaged in Coats of searching always for living cells to lacking part of their genetic the defective particles cannot carry out their Normal cycles of the outer coat gives any virus its identity so far As the body immune defences Are while the inner Core of either Dan detox ribonucleic acid or rna ribonucleic acid provides the genetic instructions for making new virus viruses can reproduce Only with the help of the cells they in the course of an acute the virus subverts the machinery of the infected cell and makes it produce a whole new crop of virus commonly the infected cell is killed in this while the viruses emerge to infect other the process continues until either the body immunological defences counterattack and defeat the invading virus failing that the infected individual the defective interfering particles add another dimension to this inside an infected cell they compete for virus coded enzymes necessary to production of a Complete a population of the defective interfering particles in Side such a cell can prevent it from producing Complete the defective interfering particles reproduce and Migrate to adjoining cells without the Normal virus lethal but with the possibility of protecting their new hosts As Well from the original virus Holland believes this arrangement is a regulatory mechanism important to the survival and evolution of by damping Down an the particles prevent the Normal viruses from killing the individual they infect and leaving the viruses without a meanwhile those rna viruses inside cells change con often becoming so weakened that they cannot mount an acute attack or even emerge As Normal virus but sometimes they seem to achieve forms that allow them to outwit the body immunological defences and emerge to cause because they interfere with Ordinary infection by their Parent a Large Supply of the particles can actually prevent a virus infection from spreading from cell to Robert Lazzarini and colleagues at the National Institute of neurological and communicative disorders and stroke see in some characteristics of the particles a promising new strategy for treatment and perhaps prevention of the scientists research is on the specific Steps by which such defective particles originate within infected what comes out of All this work on the origins May have therapeutic said he said it is possible to imagine drugs that would stimulate production of the particles and thus help choke off a virus if acute infection can be prevented by the perhaps new particles could be tailor made to serve As highly effective and Safe already the group at the Institute has used genes Lic ing techniques to make the vitally important end portions of the rna from which the defective particles the next step is to insert Between those end portions some component of a virus or bacterium against which the scientists would like to direct an immunity producing much current seeks to find out How such and other features of persistent Lead to serious Many years a virus in a moment of wry suggested convening an International conference on multiple mental heart compound fractures and other virus caused Only the categories of heart disease and Frac Tures still seem absurd enough to fit the and some scientists Are not so sure about heart Dpi three two of their sons Are among 13 doctors at Blac owned Chicago All in the medical family by Pam Sherrod United press International the Williams clinic on Chicago South Side practices family Medicine in More ways than three Brothers and two of their sons Are among the 13 physicians at the Blac owned clinic set up 20 years ago to provide care in the heart of the cites Black patients use the doctors first names to avoid confusion when talking to Jasper and his Jasper Charles and his Charles and the third two of the Charles and James work in the the 95yearold matriarch of the said she also worked in the clinic As a Cohe Sive Bond among her sons and about 250 most in lower income Brack crowd the clinic it has treated a total of about patients so its Safe to say that my Brothers and i have treated up to three generations within the same family a sure sign that were getting up in said Jasper an obstetrician and Over the years our patients have become More sophisticated in asking questions concerning exer proper nutrition and birth he with so much going on moral questions enter the examining room with the anyone familiar with the Williams clinic realizes that we Are Here to nurture life and not to destroy abortion cases Are not the clinic grossed million in making it successful both financially and in meeting one of its main objectives establishing a medical facility for the care and counselling of Black Charles an internist and personal physician of heavyweight Boxer Muhammad got the medical Ball rolling by joining the army medical specialist he later attended Howard University medical school and completed his residency at Chicago provident hos he began his practice in a two room office on the South Side before moving to the clinics present the second brother to earn a medical James is a specialist in treating thoracic a rare disorder that results in blood accumulation in the Chest cavity of women during the menstrual he has treated half the 52 reported cases in medical James also is an associate clinical professor of surgery at the University of Secretary treasurer of the medical alumni advisory Board at Creighton University in and chairman of the Illinois medical disciplinary the eldest Jasper earned a bachelors degree in business administration and accounting before becoming a in addition to the science course Load in the medical its equally important for a physician to have some knowledge of Jasper besides his medical Jasper helped organize Seaway National the nations second largest Black he is also chairman of the Board of Seaway communications the first Black organization in the country to buy a network affiliate vhf television Waco in the sons of Charles and Jasper also Are perfecting areas of their Charles a family has a Home Laboratory where he pro Grams experiments with lasers and researches dental equipment and Jasper an orthopaedic Calls himself a Mechanic for the he said his experience at the clinic is filled with a certain amount of Pride and family much of our Success is attributed to our said Jasper even though she was not a you could certainly say she was a role Model for us As an inspiration for us to take on responsibility and to develop our their a retired and her late Jasper a raised their sons in Las Williams said the youngest Charles was born with Cleft feet and underwent a series of operations As a Young following the last she he became practically obsessed with the idea of helping people and wanted to train himself to become a after Charles started his James and Jasper joined him to open the William a family Friend and executive Board member of the once Blacks gain the Opportunity to make policy we should extend a hand to the next its the Only Way we can survive in making our brotherhood Blacks cannot afford to take advantage of the so called me generation tag often attached to the the eldest Williams we have to be willing to give of ourselves and should make that first step within the although there Are five doctors in the coercion was never part of career the decision to enter the Field of Medicine was an individual Jasper two More Williamss plan medical careers Frank the youngest son of Charles and James who is already in his first year at the Creighton school of asked about rivalry among the Jasper smiled and what family Doest have it we differ on things at the but we have one goal in mind to provide professional and personal care to our Page 14 the stars and stripes january 1981 the stars and stripes Page 15