European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - December 1, 1987, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Unravelling the mysteries of memory by Delthia Ricks United press International n Thi inner labyrinth of hit Hornin in Cir the Olds and a inc crevices lucked in regions with functions scientists have Yel a define a  cocktail of Colls and proteins Mas preserved the essence of virtually everything you a ivc experienced Onuf i a i any no Rhonl it s choir and those old shoes. Inc ones Wilh holes in the sneer. Arid ragged laces Hoy arc hero too along Wilh Inck. Injures and a seemingly useless assortment of details Why is if possible to remember from decades Pas that a Scalene Iri Anglo is inc one in which nil Throe Angler Are Rifle rent Iho equal Aleaf the one in which the angles arc the same yet not to Able to recall whal was said in conversation just iwo hours ago7 memory. Basically it is it Power to remember things or situations in Iho lives of All animals capable of perceiving i hair environment and storing information Aboul ii. But scientists Are finding that in is much More especially in humans a process involving millions of electrochemical communications thai Are relayed within billionths of a second Between brain structures that Only recently were found to play a role in what we know and recall. Ii you opened the outer bark of the brain opened the Skull and peered Down you would be looking Al the Neon rolex explained or. James l. Mcgaugh director of the Center Lor the neurobiology of learning and memory at the University of California Irvine. Re Mcgaugh who is attempting to discover inc details of How and whore memories Are stored by studying memory related structures and chemicals in the brains o rals behoves thai scientists eventually will be note to produce a map a goop Rapheal orientation to specific memory Sites in the brain. The no Comox is the newest pail of the brain in terms of evolution and Tho general Assumption is that human memory is stored in Somo Way throughout the Neon rolex but i hat remains a hypothesis we really trin l know enl Whf irn memories Are stored to said. But Mcgaugh is on the Trail. Me has found in a series of studies Wilh rals that hormones released during a state of excitement can influence How Well memory tasks Are performed and in similar investigations with humans Al do Irvine Stales of excitement in test subjects tended to enhance How Well Evons of a Pai i ocular Day were recalled again suggesting the Rote of hormones in memory. Hormones Are proteins chemical messengers released in Small amounts by the endocrine glands and carried by the blood to target tissues. In tha Case of memory hormones that May have one Lun Clion elsewhere in the body theoretically work to enhance information encoded in the brain new studies suggest. The hormones influence the storage of memories. You re going to store new information anyway so the hormones influence the strength o the storage Mcgaugh said. The More stress excitement Joy anger or sadness associated with a certain situation theoretically influences How Well that memory will be retained. So it s no quirk that something studied under Alness theorems in math for example dates Lor a history exam places on a map any Hong that enhances pressure under which the information is Learned increases the chances of its permanent storage. Mcgaugh said. To identities the key hormones the euro chemical cocktail of memory storage As adrenalin Vaso pressing the endorphins epinephrine and norepinephrine. Which he believes have powerful Eti oils on the storage of recent  they work on the parts of the brain involved in the processing of recently acquired  he said the hormones themselves Don t know anything Al Al they re just catalysis Wilh no contend. Ultimately we will find Oul How these hormones act to strengthen memory at cellular Sites Al the very brain cells in which changes have occurred to cons Lille a  he said once me role of hormones Al specific cellular Sites has been identified Ihen Sciens tyls will have a Clear idea of where in the brain specific types of memories Are stored Mcgaugh s work supports results of studies conducted Al the National Institute of menial health in Bethesda. My. Where euro scientists experimenting with monkeys have found that there Are two pathways in the brain to memory storage. The hormones Mcgaugh believes influence the retention of memories apparently Are dispatched to specific structures in the brain before i a memories Are permanently stored in the Neon rolex there Are two parallel pathways involving the limbic system in the  said or. Mortimer Mishkin. Chief of Neur psychology Al the nigh. These Are called the Hippo Campa and la Amygdala  the hippocampus and Amygdala Are brain structures located in the medial part of the temporal lobe. They Are among the structures that form the limbic system the part of the brain associated with emotions. They appear to be involved in cognitive memory processes memories that Are available to the conscious or the memories of which we Are aware Mishkin explained learning new faces tunes places tastes of goods Ito names Hal go with faces or the words that go Wilts tunes these kinds of memories information about the world depend on the Amygdala pathway Mishkin said. Bui there is a different kind of pathway in which the hippocampus is important. Thai is. Associating any of these things faces tunes whatever Wilh Iho places in the word where these things Are to be found in your experience you know where your desk is where your umbrella is or where you parked your car. These Mas of memories Lake the Hipp Campal  Page 16 the stars and stripes tuesday. December 1,1967