European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - April 30, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse Global prospects of going thirsty by Donald Smith National geographic the Good Kows n. We in Raver actually joing 10 run out of Walor unlike the Earth declining Supply of forests. Fossil a and certain animal species the amount of Waltr on me planet is Bath abundant and Nui Hinn tinman Henrj can do Iii is Likely to make Walrav an endangered commodity till inc troth la 11 lh.11 Lille of the world a Waler Supply "5 in n Pracca or form convenient in irm planet s a Var growing population alter centuries of damming digging Aqueduct building and other tinkering seem to have wrung about All the a Sahuc water Oul of the environment that they can and Xirui be either have los lop washing water or lace Tho Prospect of going thirsty says geographer Gilhert f White of Tho University of ill Boulder water manager Cal was one of the global concerns discussed at a live Day symposium sponsored by the National geographic soc icly. Which celebrates its this year an International Kneup of scholars and scientists discussed developments in their Fields during inc past 100 years with an Eye toward the future. Perhaps tha first Largo scale management of water to achieve social Aims was in the time of while quips even since he says humans have been trying to push Waler around or their own purposes water in one form or another covers about 70 percent Ottha Earth s surface but Only about one tined Dalh of Ilie fresh Copto have been trying to sep Aralo Salt from water since roman limes but with Lille Success on any Lorge scale 01 the fresh one sixteen la of Iho Eartra s water about 27 percent is locked inside a Tacionis and 72 percent is underground thai loaves less than 1 or jct no of the fresh water available at any one time in streams and lakes or in the almost he re in the form of Clouds and humidity. Before inc 19lh Century people sought to put this water to maximum use by building artificial Waterways and irrigating and River valleys. Blowing and Iree cutting also Alicc cd available water supplies by increasing River Hurt of then a period of profound changes unfolded at an accelerating says while. Tho years after the 1930s saw major transformations in water balance and terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems " All Over Hie world people sought to keep Pace with sudanese sugar Cane workers fat Siphon tube to draw water from a canal that taps the while Nola on us ton Loumey through Africa largest nation. Humana have ban manipulating Wirtz Tinea Prehl Aloric the nth. Increasing demands Lor water much of this took place through the harnessing of Rivers in to United states which in the 20th Century Bonamo the leading nation in water development. In 1902 Congress approved programs to reclaim and lands. Flood control projects were launched in the lower Mississippi and Sacramento River valleys to 1917 regional planning for the Tennessee Valley snarled in the Early 1930s the dams cheap hydroelectric Power and land use planning by the Tennessee Valley authority quickly became world models for resource management they were Emu ated along soviet Rivers and then in Torlia. Australia. Egypt Ghana. Nigeria. Iran Rhodesia today s Zimbabwe. Brazil. Mexico and other areas where Iho concept of River Basin management was translated into Large says White however Tome of these projects were later seen to have been improperly planned or built Loo quickly. By tha Early 1960s, in a process that coincided Wilh the environmental movement of thai decade experts were reassessing the idea of building monumental dams. At the same Lime the number of promising dam Sites in the United Stales was diminishing and along with in the average volume of new reservoirs. And so environmental and economic concerns began to become larger factors in deciding where and whether to build new dams. White sees interest increasing in the United Stales and several other countries including Australia. France and Japan in finding new Waler management techniques that do not involve construction for example some flood prone areas Are turning away from building storage areas levees Ond Channel improvements and turning toward improving Hood warning systems land use regulations insurance coverage flood pooling of structures and Cliel and while nouns Simitar new approaches to increasing usable water supplies. More and More experts re says Are asking Why a City s water Supply should be enlarged when Hall the water processed is lost by leakage or when artificially cheap lairs or Lack of motoring encourage careless use he Calls or even greater environmental concern in planning for future water needs. The same magnitude of commitment that has sup Poi Ted Cam or water treatment he says now needs to be applied to testing and Appie sisal of the social so Cluro and individual behaviour essential to reducing demands and Lack of Salt linked to demise of ice age mammals National geographic something is Fiance and la Elul happened a several species of ice age mammals in North America Aboul 10,000 years ago the suddenly vanished. Palaeontologists and other experts still argue Aboul Hie causes some blame Hunters others the Rigours of the severe climate now a now ingredient has been added a t in a letter in the Winter Issue Otwa Iona geographic flesh Archt. J Alan Holman. A Michigan stale University zoologist. David b we Slohn of the u s geological Survey and Laura a Abracinskas a Michigan stale graduate student suggest that mastodons and mammoths might have become extinct around the great laves because the were Cut of i from their Salt Supply mall my of ice age glaciers temporarily eroded or covered the Salt deposits with sediment and contributed to the extinction of the Oleph Anlike mammals the scientists speculate Wuh Oul their sail Supply the either perished or abandoned the Region we hypothesize thai sail May have been an important limiting Factor in distribution of mammoths and mastodons during the ice age and the Large concentrations of these animals in Southern Michigan May to correlated with the existence of a readily available Salt Supply says Holman. Hotman says that the remains of at least 22$ mammoths and mastodons have been Lound near Iho Murod i Utteg tuck o at it Holman Hopes that Bones and Teeth found in Illinois Ohio and Indiana will help Corro Oraie his hypothesis by proving thai animals from those areas came to Michigan Lor their Salt Supply strontium in the Bones and Bromide stains on the Teeth should be traceable to the Dirl and Salt the animals ate in Michigan he says. Saturday. April 30, 1988 the stars and stripes Paga 17
