European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - September 12, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse Boston University. O Leary found that men and women diver in the causes they attribute in emotions like $ anger ear or sadness in themselves or others. Is men Are More Likely to explain a Strong emotion in is filers of some impersonal Evanl something thai " happened in the situation while women Are Marjre Likely. To see the cause As something in a personal relationship or Iha person s mood of Leary said. This difference Between men and women has greatest implications of arguments Between the sexes she said. If a couple tight the Man is Likely to make an instrumental response to took Tor Soma Lhing in the situation to change and make things better o Leary said. But the woman is Likely to read the argument As an Index of trouble in the relationship itself and become critical of their relationship the difference Between the sexes in the causes they use to explain life s difficulties May be one reason women lend to be Mere Susce life to depression than men said Ellen Mcgrath a psychologist in new York City who addressed the psychology meeting on women and depression. If men fall at something they tend la attribute it to some external cause Lite the Challenge being impossible or not enough support from their Mcgrath said. For women though the tendency is to see a failure As due to something about themselves As the result of some personal the influence of sex roles on depression was reported in another study at the psychology meeting by Rosalind Cartwright a psychologist at Rush Presbyla Ian St Luke s medical Center in Chicago. Tho research which is continuing involves 157 men and women who Are going though separation or divorce. So far halt of the men and women in the study have become severely depressed. While the usual sex ratio Lor those being treated Lor depression shows a rate of twice As Many women As men Iho Chicago study found that the rates were identical Lor men and women Bui when the volunteers were asked questions to assess How they conform to the traditional sex roles the 2 to-1 a Ito emerged. Among the most traditional men and women there were twice As Many depressed women 39 men. Among the least traditional the ratio was reversed. The emotional differences seem destined to remain researchers say. Since the ways parents treat boys and girls appear Lobo As distinctive As Ever. Studies at Pennsylvania state University have shown that parents ask their 18-Montrvold girls How they Aro feeling Moio often than they ask boys of the same age. Mothers were also found to Lalk la their 2-year-old daughters about feelings More than they do to their 2 year old sons. The patterns of emotional inhibition among adult men and women seem in Large part attributable to. How parents treat their children. Parents insist Moie that boys control their emotions Lor instance but with girls emphasize emotional closeness studies have found. And research shows too that when parents Lell stories to children they lend to use More emotional words with girls with one exception icy Reler More to anger in stories they Tell to boys. Psychiatric help Means utmost discretion in Washington by Julie John son new York times n Washington the link Between Power and stress creates a portion of the clientele for Many psychiatrists psychologists and mental health professionals. Their caseloads include members of Congress and senior officials in the Reagan administration. The key is that those who seek such help must never let it be known. Unlike other metropolitan areas such As new York or los Angeles where psychotherapy is widely and Otten openly used Here the slightest hint that a politician has undergone psychiatric treatment can mean the end of a career. As a result experts say therapy for depression alcoholism or marital discord is sometimes bypassed by those at High Levels. But always m is generally handled with the utmost secrecy. In Ute weeks since gov. Michael s. Dukakis of Massachusetts the democratic presidential nominee released a detailed medical history to quash rumours that he had been treated for depression mental health professionals in Washington have reopened the debate Over the stigma attached to the counselling undergone by High level government officials. Privacy and confidentiality is always important in psychiatric treatment but in Washington it can Border on the need for secrecy said or John j. Mcgrath a Washington psychiatrist who in his 20 years of private practice says he has treated a number of elected officials and their spouses Mcgrath added a sizeable number of people in and close to Power find themselves both having symptoms and seeking treatment. You re talking about a sett identified group High achievers people who Are for the most part risk takers people who paradoxically while they have great Security and a whole spectrum of benefits Are at the same time constantly haunted by a Lear of performing in Public. It s the goldfish bowl usually he said it is the spouses of these officials who exhibit a greater readiness to seek that has to do with the fact that the fear and stigma Bizalion is less far them a frequently they re Ollen More isolated and More prone to be at the mercy of their symptoms Mcgrath said. There Are 1.? psychiatrists in Washington or 261 per 100,000 residents making the City second in the nation behind Boston for its number of psychiatrists. New York City is third with 244 psychiatrists per 100.000 people. There Are also about 1,000 practising clinical psychologists and Al least 1,000 psychiatric social workers in Washington psychoanalysts and marital or Amity therapists according to the american psychiatric association and the District of Columbia psychological association. What sets Washington apart judging by interviews with nearly a dozen psychologists psychiatrists administration officials and political experts is the degree to which Public and inter Agency approval is important to career advancement. In general Public knowledge that a High level official has sought therapy is usually construed to mean weakness instability or an inability to Deal with pressure under stress said or. Jim Mcdermott a Seattle psychiatrist and Veteran stain legislator who is running for Congress. Voters he said want a stable government run by rational people even though to ourselves Are not rational he said. We want our government to be something More than we Are. And the society has had a difficult time coming to grips with the whole of what mental illness Means and How Many people in this country have used mental health Mcdermott. Who was a Navy psychiatrist in the Vietnam War said the stigma of therapy also held True within the military. Until recently a asserted total denial was the routine response to psychological problems in the armed forces. Pentagon officials and officials in other branches of the government say that psychiatric treatment cannot be used against an officer up for promotion. But they acknowledge that there is a stigma. Leonard garment a Washington lawyer who was a senior White House aide to president Nixon said a general Public ambivalence about therapy is amplified in Washington. Even the fact of having consulted a psychiatrist on an intermittent basis or after some kind of tragedy becomes a Label garment said. Ii is among a number of things that Washington punishes people for that makes no sense. Almost anything these Days can become a Mark of garment Speaks with first hand knowledge. He won High Praise for the sensitivity he showed when his client Robert c. Mcfarlane a former National Security adviser to president Reagan tried to commit suicide by taking 25 to 30 tablets of the Iraq Milizer valium at the height of he Iran Centra affair last year. Mcfarlane who according to his lawyer had a severe clinical depression is now in great shape very Strong and has come out of the experience without any sense of shame or perhaps the most widely known instance of the Sigma of therapy is that of former sen. Thomas f. Eagleton of Missouri. In 1972 Eagleton was dropped As George Mcgovern s running male on the democratic presidential ticket after it was Learned that he had been hospitalized for nervous exhaustion in the 1960s and had received electric Shock therapy or depression. 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