European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - September 13, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Safety first for scuba divers  United press internationals Cuba diving is opening up an underwater Frontier to Many people but ii safety rules Are ignored it could land them in a Hospital with medical problems ranging from dizziness 10 paralysis. With scuba diving among the fastest growing outdoor activities in the United states the number of certified scuba divers is estimated to be at least 750,000 and possibly As High As 1.5 million up from ust 213,000 in 1935. The dramatic increase has resulted in a greater incidence of diving injuries and poses a difficult Challenge to doctors and nurses most of whom Are not trained to Ireat such ailments in 1937, a tool of 557 diving related injuries were reported to the divers Alert the network from the Continental United states and Caribbean. The network Esli males anole of 50 to 60 injuries occurred in Hawaii. About 70 to 100 divers die annually with the predominant Causa being heart attack said Joel Dovenbarger a registered nurse and medical director of Dan. In addition to these reported diving accidents there is probably a much larger amount of sinus and ear problems As Well As injuries from Marine animals Dovenbarger says. Decompression sickness commonly called the bends and lung expansion injury Are the two major problems associated with scuba diving a University of Mississippi Medica team said in a recent article in american family physician a journal and Magazine Lor doctors. Because Walor is much denser than air the pressure on a diver in 33 feet of Salt water or 34 Leet of trash water is twice that at sea level. The increased pressure causes proportion ally More nitrogen to dissolve in the blood and body tissues. Decompression sickness occurs when a diver ascends to the surface too quickly the Quick drop in pressure forces the extra nitrogen out of solution forming bubbles in the bloodstream and tissues the medical team wrote. Although Dovenbarger said very few people die of decompression sickness some Lorms of the disorder if Una sealed can cause permanent brain damage paraplegia and incontinence. The Mississippi researchers said the most common Type of decompression sickness is pain Only bends in which nitrogen bubbles cause pain or numbness in joins particularly tha elbows and shoulders. Skin bends caused by bubbles trapped under the skin usually is characterized by intense itching or Twining sensations followed by a purplish mottling of the skin. Both skin and pain Only bends Are no life threatening but can signal More serious types of decompression illness researchers said. Another manifestation of decompression sickness dubbed the chokes involves bubbles in the lungs. Symptoms can include Chest pain shortness of breath and coughing and if untreated the condition can Lead to circulatory collapse and Doalph researchers said. But the most perilous form of decompression sickness affects the Centra nervous system. Although chs bends is rare. Iho condition can mimic spinal Cord injury and result in temporary or permanent paralysis As we Las bladder and intestinal problems. Lung expansion injury generally occurs when divers hold their breath while rising to the surface something divers Are warned never to do but which they May do impulsively in a panic situation like running out of 1heir Supply of compressed air. Failure to exhale expanding gases not Only can Lead to lung collapse it can trigger a potentially Laval situation in which an air Bubble blocks the flow of blood to the brain researchers said. Scuba diving it a last growing apart him a diver exploit or. William Replogle Lead author of the article said Hyp Many diving related injuries Couke be written off for most pre anything unless a doctor knows the patient has breathed ref compressed air in the past 43 hours. Someone who has cerebral involvement Dot decompression sickness and is complaining of Back pain l might be told to Lake two aspirin and go Home and  sic said repro get who is also an advanced scuba diving be instructor. Arti if a patient has just returned from a vacation Wilh pc unexplained pains or mottled skin Replogle says doctors should ask it the patient went scuba diving. We injured divers who ail to respond to routine oxygen spi administration cardiopulmonary resuscitation or other vet Standard emergency treatment must be taken to a air put a kick in your run by Marc Bloom new York times every runner at one Lime or another experiences the helpless Leeling of being unable in harness a kick at the end of a  matter How fit you Are or How intelligently you run droves of competitors pass you in Tho lost Hall mile and afterwards you wonder what am 1 doing wrong Don t be too hard on yourself. The kick is the most Complex component of successful racing. It is also an extremely effective weapon. Kick Well and you perform Well. No matter what your Pace you can Structure your training program and racing strategy so that you re Tho one surging ahead in Tho Home stretch with lid in your legs and fight in your soul. Anybody can run at a slow Pace then sprint Home. Thai s no kick. The trick is to run at a Good hard Pace and just when you re Likely to give in to enveloping fatigue unleash the Power to run even faster. It requires pure leg Speed upper body strength Ell Clent lorm and a certain aggressiveness. In his prime. Marty Liquori was known for his potent kick. Who can forget his 1971 dream mile Duel with Jim Ryun in Philadelphia Ryun possessed a Sharp explosive kick while Liquori relied on a Long sustaining one. Liquori timed his kick beautifully Gol the jump on Ryun and won. Liquori says now it was anger that did ii. You have to get mad to mobilize your aggressive forces in a race he said. When i prepared Tor my kick i would imagine Mysell slamming a car door in anger Welling up that emotion. Then i would let out a yell As in a karate move. That would relax my body and also scare the other  for that technique to work you need the strength to Back it up. Liquori s tactic emphasizes that the kick requires a different Energy system running style and Altitude. It s like the difference Between Cross country and downhill skiing. First you run aerobically in a steady slate Lor a number of Miles using mainly your Well conditioned cardiovascular system. Then you must switch gears activating your entire body Lor a Short intense burst of Speed. Without the proper training runners tend to Drift into an exaggerated Arm swing driving their bodies desperately while muscular fatigue undermines them As tha finish nears. Rarely is any accelerated Pace achieved. Tho biggest mistake i see runners make said Craig Virgin former american record Holder in the 10,000 meters is not changing from distance running to sprint form. For a kick you need More Arm drive higher knee lift More Forward lean and propulsion of tha foot  Speed training is necessary and gentle doses Are recommended at first. Insert periodic accelerations of one to three minutes in a Road workout or finish a run with a Long sprint to develop the memory of running fast at the end. Any such Speed work should always to followed by a Cool Down of jogging and stretching. Onca your system is More accustomed to Speed you can venture to a track where it la be easier to concentrate on form. The tried and True interval workouts of repeal 200s, 400s or Boos Wilt work but for Tho specific demands of a kick be creative As a general Rule do longer repetitions at a slower Pace but Wilh Little rest in the Early part of your season. Alter some non Shorter and faster but with More rest Between each sprint. It is essential that you run no harder than Good form will allow. Ii you Leel wobbly slow Down Virgin suggests repeat 300s, in which the Lisl 100 is done at 10k race Pace the next 100 is faster and the Linal 100 is at a Lull sprint. Craig Masback a former world class Miter advises three sets of four 400s. Running each set progressively faster. Ira David Martin an exorcise physiologist Wilh the . A olympic committee elite athlete project advocates alternating fast and slow laps in which the easy Lap is similar to your average training Pace. Sin if you run at eight minutes per mile do your slow do Quarter mile laps in two minutes and your fast ones in about a minute and a half. Int for a More effective kick Chai to produce the burst of Speed required for a in lashing kick Page 14 the stars and stripes tuesday septum