European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - August 22, 1989, Darmstadt, Hesse                                If i former smokers should Cut caffeine intake immediately after quitting to avoid excessive Levels of caffeine in the blood and Lessen tobacco withdrawal symptoms. Sex smokers need tout caffeine intake new York times concentrations of caffeine in the blood Rise sharply in people who quit smoking but continue to drink the same amount of Coulee researchers have found. The study prompted scientists to caution that former smokers should Cut caffeine intake immediately after quitting to avoid exacerbating the symptoms associated with withdrawal from tobacco. The study led by or. Neal l. Benowitz chief of clinical pharmacology at san Francisco general Hospital reported that while smokers tend to drink More Coulee than non smokers they Clear it from their systems faster. Yet when people quit smoking they generally fail to Cut their caffeine intake prompting them to build up High Levels of caffeine according to the study reported in the British medical journal. Benowitz said it was believed that the tar in cigarettes assisted the liver in breaking Down caffeine at a faster rate than Normal causing smokers to require More than twice the amount of caffeine As non smokers to attain the same stimulus. The study showed that a failure to reduce caffeine consumption alter quitting smoking can exacerbate symptoms of tobacco withdrawal like irritability nervousness inability to concentrate and sleeplessness. The study has some very practical implications said Jack e. Henningfield chief of clinical pharmacology at the National Institute on drug abuse. People who quit smoking and keep drinking the same amount of Coffee Are getting a double whammy the effects of withdrawal from nicotine added to the effects of overdosing on  people who quit smoking and keep drinking the same amount of Coffee Are getting a double whammy the effects of withdrawal irom nicotine added to the effects of overdosing on  caffeine remains in the blood of smokers Lor two to three hours half the time it is found in the blood of non smokers the study found. Smoking has Long been known to Speed the metabolism of several other drugs including Tranquill Zers. While researchers Are divided Over the negative effects of High doses of caffeine a nervous system stimulant some studies have shown it can raise the heart rate in some susceptible people it May cause irregular heart beats that can Herald sudden cardiac arrest. In addition some studies have shown that High caffeine intake among pregnant women May Lead to Low birth weight babies. The study examined the Callene and Cotin lne concentrations in the blood of 95 subjects who had entered a program to quit smoking. Cot nine is a byproduct of the breakdown of nicotine and indicates Levels of nicotine intake. After six months the caffeine concentration in the blood of participants who had quit smoking was More than two and a half times what it had been when they entered the program. At the same time their Coffee consumption was either unchanged or had decreased by no More than 25 percent. Caffeine concentrations in those who continued to smoke remained the same. Tuesday August 22, 1989 th2 stars and stripes non permanent contraceptive for men by Donna de la Cruz associated Presse encouraging Progress is being made on developing a reversible birth control method Lor men the first non permanent male contraceptive since the condom was invented about 20x1 years ago. Twenty two Seattle area men and their sexual partners Are among about 250 couples worldwide participating in a study in which the men Are injected with an anabolic steroid that shuts Oft sperm production or. C. Alvin Paulsen related. The purpose of the Inge Cable contraceptive is to provide a reversible alternative method to Vasectomy and also to take some of the Burden of birth control off women said Paulsen a University of Washington professor of Medicine and a major researcher in male contraception. The product ii successful May be marketable in about to years he said. This is a drug seeking dose seeking exercise Paulsen said of the human test program. The injections Are a combination of the male hormone testosterone and a compound that helps the hormone slay Active in the body for seven to 10 Days. When enough of the drug is. Injected the brain senses it signalling the testes to Stop sperm production. The injections of the synthetic hormone testosterone Ena thate or the Are Well below the steroid dosages that some athletes use Paulsen said. Or. John Mccracken senior scientist at the Worcester foundation Lor experimental biology in Shrewsbury mass., said that the male inject Able contraceptive seems to be effective because research so far indicates that the does maintain male sexual drive. The foundation is where the original female birth control Pill was formulated by or. Gregory Pincus in 1960. The depression of male libido has been the problem in the past with male contraceptives Mccracken said in a Telephone interview. Or. C. Wayne Bardin director of the Center of biomedical research in new York said the study needed a much larger Sample of people to determine ii the injections would be of elective. Six of the Seattle participants have finished a year Long series of injections without making their partners pregnant in that time. Researchers had hoped about half of the couples participating worldwide would go a Lull year without a pregnancy. So far about three fourths of the participants who have reached the Lull year stage about 70 men in six countries have gone without a pregnancy said Paulsen. After 16 weeks of weekly injections those men who develop no sperm Are asked to discontinue All forms of contraception except for the weekly injections. The weekly injections then Are continued Lor a year. Paulsen said the cannot be taken orally because the liver would destroy the drug s effectiveness. Other methods besides injections have not been tested yet. He said. Paulsen said Side effects Olte include a weight gain averaging about six pounds and in some cases acne May occur in men who were acne prone in their younger years. The University of Washington is one of nine institutions worldwide and the Only one in the United states working to develop an inject Able male contraceptive Paulsen said. The research is sponsored by the world health organization the National. Institutes of health and . Agency for International development s contraceptive research and development Center in Norfolk  nine other participating centers Are in Australia China Sweden France and Scotland. Page 17