European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - September 26, 1989, Darmstadt, Hesse                                To your health a Cool smile a warm frown by Daniel Goleman new York times p utting on a sad lace or a smile produces the in elms that Iho expressions represent according to a new theory of How emotions arc produced the View elaborates on ideas proposed More than a Century ago by Charles Darwin and William James the philosopher and psychologist. It holds that facial expressions Are not just the visible sign of an emotion but actually contribute to the feeling itself. The theory does not propose facial expressions Are More important than thoughts or memories in prompting emotions but in Points to the physiology of facial expression As a cause of emotions in its own right. The theory has been gaining gradual support Over the last decade among psychologists two of the strongest pieces of evidence have just been published in Scie Lilic journals in one. Researchers found that simply inducing people to place the Muscles of their lace in the pattern of a Given emotional expression elicited that feeling in the other researchers showed that facial expressions affected the temperature of blood flowing to the brain providing a possible although disputed mechanism Lor regulating emotions. To be sure no one suggests that pulling on a Happy lace can cheer up someone who is in mourning the effects of facial expression Are seen As modest though consequential in lieu of any other Strong feeling the theory holds a Given expression can induce the mood it portrays. While the weight of evidence now strongly shows that facial expression can influence mood there is debate Over what physiological mechanisms might be involved As Well As just How important the phenomenon is in emotional life. I m not saying that All moods Are due to changes in the Muscles of the face Only that facial action leads to changes in  said or Robert Zajonc a psychologist at the University of Michigan and a leading proponent of the new theory. Of course there s More to emotion than that but this is a significant Par of the Story  Zajonc s theory holds that As certain facial Muscles relax and tighten they raise or lower the temperature of blood flowing to the brain. These changes in internal Carol d of artery. Wrich provides if main Supply 0 blood 10 the Drain it Hows through the cavernous sinus temperature in turn affect the activity of brain centers that regulate emotion. The link Between expression and emotion was demonstrated recently in an article published in the journal of personality and social psychology a team of psychologists at Clark University in Worcester mass., showed that simply having people put their facial Muscles in a configuration typical of a Given emotion produced that feeling. In the study volunteers were Given instructions like this for fear raise your eyebrows. And open your eyes wide. Move your whole head Back so that your Chin is lucked in a Little bit. And let your Mouth relax fiber phobia by William k. Stevens new York times Asbestos can be hazardous when its fibres escape into the air As hey did in an explosion near Gramercy Park in new York on aug. 19 but scientists now agree that what some Are calling fiber phobia is unwarranted. The threat from undamaged undisturbed Asbestos is negligible they say. In fact scientists who have studied Asbestos say the efforts by school districts and building owners around the country to avoid liability by removing undamaged Asbestos May Well be doing More harm than Good. Aside from plants construction Sites and other places where workers handle the Mineral routinely a Broad scientific consensus now holds that Asbestos carries far less risk than living with a cigarette smoker having a rays Riding a bicycle or breathing the air or drinking the water in some cities. By one calculation a child is three times More Likely to be killed by lightning than by attending a school insulated with Asbestos. It is Only when the Asbestos is disturbed or damaged As it was when a 24-Inch steam pipe insulated with it exploded in Gramercy Park that the fibres become dangerous. Released into the air they Are inhaled and depending on the dosage and length of exposure they researchers say the flow of warm blood to the brain is associated with unpleasant feelings and cooler blood How is associated with pleasant feelings. And hang open a  similar instructions were Given for anger disgust and sadness the volunteers were not told that the study was testing emotion or that the facial movements were to mimic a specific expression. By and Large the different expressions produced the moods they portray. While making an expression of disgust for example the volunteers reported More feelings of disgust than of anger fear or sadness. In another study German researchers were Able to induce Happy feelings by having people hold a Small pen clenched in their Teeth imitating a smile. When the people held the pen in their protruding lips imitating a pout they Felt unhappy. In Zajonc s study volunteers repeated Vowel sounds Over and Over those of a Long a which forces a smile and a which imitates part of the expression of Surprise. Both induced pleasant feelings. But a Long a and the us lasted German a both put volunteers in their worst mood. Can cause cancer years later. The fibres Are often released when intact Asbestos is removed and that is Why scientists now advise against removal except when absolutely necessary when a building is demolished or renovated for instance or when Asbestos insulation is irreparably damaged. Even one Day s exposure to fibres in the air can increase the risk of lung cancer said or. Irving Selikoff of new York s mount Sinai school of Medicine and one week of exposure is enough to More than double the lung cancer  new York acted properly in closing the apartments affected by the Gramercy Park blast he said. If people did have a Day of exposure or two Days it s better than two months he added. The cumulative dose has been kept Low by the City s action so there is Good scientific reason to approve of what the City  in a report published in August an International symposium at Harvard University said Asbestos removal creates higher indoor concentrations of the fibres because the containment methods Are Seldom efficient enough to keep the fibres from escaping. Under a Federal Law aimed at controlling Asbestos in schools the environmental Protection Agency encourages school districts to leave it in place inspecting it every six months to make sure it is still in Good condition and not Likely to be disturbed. If it is damaged or disturbed then it can be repaired enclosed or removed. Page 16 the stars and stripes tuesday september 26,1989