European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - May 5, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Freud bashing or More researchers Challenge a legend by Daniel Goleman new York times anew round of historical research on Sigmund Freud is challenging the legend that has Long surrounded the founder of psychoanalysis. New revelations depict a Freud who seems at times mercenary and manipulative who sometimes claimed cures where there were none and who on occasion distorted the facts of his cases to prove his theoretical Points. And judged by current knowledge and standards it is a Freud who at least once stepped Over the line into malpractice. In one Little known Case that barely missed becoming a major scandal researchers say Freud induced two patients to divorce their respective spouses and marry each other. In addition he hinted that the Man should make a generous donation to his psychoanalytic fund. The most startling discoveries Many not yet published concern some of Freud a most important cases each of Freud s published cases plays a role in the psychoanalytic legend a said science historian Frank Sulloway of the Massachusetts Institute of technology author of Freud biologist of the mind. Quot the More detail you learn about each Case the stronger the image becomes of Freud twisting the facts to fit his  the new historical work is just the kind of inquiry that Freud dreaded. Freud burned Many of his own papers and destroyed most of his Case notes. Although the Freud archives at the Library of Congress recently opened most papers to scholars some like his letters to his future wife Martha remain under lock and key. But at a quickening Pace the veil of secrecy has been pierced by determined scholars. Some historians of psychoanalysis see the new work As Little More than Quot Freud bashing an attempt to discredit psychoanalysis a As Elizabeth Young Bruehl a professor at Wesleyan University who is the author of Anna Freud a biography put it. Revisionist historians disagree. Quot some of Freud s cases just Don t stand up in Light of historical fact a said Anthony Stadlen a psychoanalyst and research fellow at the Freud museum in London who has been among the most Active in tracking Down people who Freud s key patients. Historical inquiry was hampered by Freud himself Here in 1922 with grandson Stephan Gabriel. The founder of psychoanalysis burned Many of his own papers and destroyed most of his Case notes. The new revelations do not demean Freud s brilliance nor do they necessarily mean that by the standards of his Day he lacked integrity. But they portray a Freud far More prone to human failing than the legend of the Man has allowed. Even so. The findings have Little to do with today a practice of psychoanalysis a Branch of psychotherapy that still applies Freud s ideas in seeking insights into the sources of emotional conflicts. Psychoanalysis itself has gone through More than 80 years of refinement and evolution its Basic premises accepted even among Many or most of those therapists who Are not themselves psychoanalysts. A i Don t think this will change our View of Freud much Quot said psychoanalyst Peter Neubauer of the Freud archives in new York Quot you have to judge him on the entire body of his work and his method. Whatever you find out about How he handled a Given Case does not change his  for their part some psychoanalysts said in _ interviews that the historian s discussions with people who knew patients do not establish what actually happened Between Freud and his patients. Perhaps the most startling new disclosures concern the Case of or. Horace Frink an american psychiatrist who was Analysed by Freud and then chosen by Freud to head the new York psychoanalytic society. In 1922, at Freud surging Frink divorced his wife and married one of Frinks former patients Angelika Bijur. She was the wife of Abraham Bijur a new York millionaire and an heiress herself. Telling new details of the Case have come from investigations by Helen Frink Kraft the daughter of Frink and his first wife. Quot Freud used my father used my Mother and used my Stepmother Quot said mrs. Kraft whose new findings about Freud s involvement in the episode Are particularly damaging details. Quot my father came Home from his analysis with Freud in Vienna in 1921 with the news he was a latent homosexual and his emotional problems would be cured if he divorced my Mother and married mrs. Bijur Quot mrs. Kraft said. Judging from a letter Freud wrote him in 1922, Frink found it hard to accept Freud a diagnosis of latent homosexuality. But the letter also included what seems an outrageous suggestion Quot your complaint that you cannot grasp your homosexuality implies that you Are not yet aware of your phantasm of making me a Rich Man Quot wrote Freud who was in the process of engineering the marriage. Quot if matters turn out All right let us change this imaginary gift into a real contribution to the psychoanalytic  this request for donations from his patient some psychoanalysts say would be grounds for a malpractice suit were they to occur today but others say the request would be acceptable if the funds were not for the analyst himself. Freud also seems to have used Frink s Quot homosexuality As justification for the marriage he was engineering. Frink in analysis with Freud wrote pleadingly to Angelika Bijur to join him in Vienna Quot to completed his analysis. Once there she saw Freud who advised her to divorce Abraham Bijur explaining As Angelika was to recount later that Quot if i threw or. F. Over now he would never again try to come Back to normality and probably develop into a homosexual though in a highly disguised  in a later letter to Frink Freud tried to cover his tracks writing that he had asked mrs. Bijur not to repeat to anyone that a a i had advised her to marry you on the threat of a nervous  Quot it gives them a false idea of the kind of advice that is compatible with analysis and is very Likely to be used against analysis Quot Freud added. Mrs. Bijur was in love with Frink and apparently wanted Freud s Assurance that she was justified in divorcing. Yet after telling their spouses they wanted a divorce both Frink and mrs. Bijur had Strong doubts. Frink feeling guilty Over leaving his wife became depressed and then psychotic. But in december the episode passed. Freud told him the analysis was Complete and that he should marry mrs. Bijur. The two were married weeks later in Paris. Every sunday. Plus inc a anew 0 j5 Valance winas�6 in. 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