European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - December 4, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse Distressing by Natalie Angier new York times few things in life Are As vexing As the Talent that fat has for. Gathering in unsightly pockets and launches at particular spots around the body jiggling on the thighs bulging out from the belly flapping Down from the triceps. A. A but distressing though such fat deposits Are they the Price people pay for being a rash of new studies comparing human fat tissue with that of other mammals researchers have found that even in the leanest wild mammals fat a tends to be distributed in similar locations around the body. From dissection of Many species _ researchers have discovered that fat distribution under the skin and around internal organs is far from continuous or _ uniform As had Long been believed. Instead nearly ail mammals be they squirrels badgers Deer wolverines camels or humans tend to store fat in the same discrete hot spots the relative amounts of fat vary from one beast to another but whatever the species fat deposits collect in the breast area around the upper part of the front it legs the upper arms of human son the. Tailbone and around the thighs in three to eight regions of the Abdomen and at the a Back of the neck. ,. In Many mammals a surprisingly sizable glob of fat surrounds the heart a discovery that contradicts current notions that fat heart is a pathological condition largely confined to humans. A researchers have also Learned that the body s fat cells or adipose tissue is far. More biochemically diverse than imagined. Adipose tissue displays notably different a properties depending on its location in the body. A some deposits Are efficient at absorbing lipids or fat molecules from the a _ the Price of being mammals bloodstream while other deposits Are primed to release lipids easily As fuel for neighbouring tissue. The different fat deposits Quot May really be. Thought of As substantially different organs Quot said or. . Greenwood professor of nutrition and internal Medicine at the University of California at Davis scientists Hope their Cross species studies of fat will yield hew insights into a human obesity including a better understanding of Why women Are generally Chubbie than men and Why people who gain pounds around the Midriff Are at a higher risk for cardiovascular disease than Are those who gain in the thighs and a buttocks. A a other researchers Are comparing the. Enzymes used by various mammals to. Synthesize,.process and store fat a molecules. Of particular interest is an enzyme called Lipoprotein lipase which plays a Lead role in extracting fatty acids after a meal and storing them in fat cells. Lipoprotein lipase has been detected in nearly every species examined and it is More abundant in females than in mates probably to allow females to store fat easily for pregnancy a a the exquisite regulation of that and other enzymes May explain Why bears woodchucks and other animals can become exceedingly Stout each Yea before hibernating or fasting without suffering the ill effects of obesity often seen to humans like High blood pressure clogged arteries and diabetes. Quot a Polar Bear can eat so much Seal a blubber that the fat in its blood would. Instantly kill a dog or a Rabbit Quot said drug Edgar Folk jr., a professor of physiology at the University of Iowa in Iowa City but. Despite that High fat it does t get clogged vessels or a fatty liver it manages to use fat deposits As an Energy source without getting into . In the dream est of All possibilities the new understanding could suggest better treatments for obesity. At the very least. Scientists Hope to convince people that All fat is not created equal nor is All fat equally bad. A Quot the biological literature has been amazingly sparse about fat in wild a animals Quot says or. Caroline m. Pond of the open University in Milton Keynes England. Quot but a number of wild animals Are fat an proud of it and we re finally getting the facts about How that fatness is controlled Quot. Whatever its biochemical peculiarities the Bottom line of fat for animals serve As a Handy store of Energy in hard times. Fat in the diet is almost effortlessly converted into fat on the body. Fat molecules provide the fuel creatures need to function and because their chemistry allows them to merge arid break apart easily they Are the Best form of stored fuel. When the digestive system converts consumed fat into Strable fat it. Spends Only 2 percent of the fat molecules. Inherent Energy in the process allowing the rest to be dropped off in fat cells. What is More the adipose tissue that stores fat molecules for future use can expand almost indefinitely an unusual property shared by no other Organ save the skin. Part of that flexibility results from the nature of he fat cells that make up adipose tissue. Individual fat cells can balloon up to 10 times or More heir original size. Quot a fat cell is just one big round fat Droplet inside a membrane Quot said or. James 0 Hill a paediatrician and an expert in lipid metabolism at Vanderbilt University school of Nash tile Tenn. Quot it can get a As big or As Little As it . After a while should the fat in the diet prove too great for existing fat cells to sop up the body will propagate new ones and those fat cells never die. When a person a loses weight the fat cells will shrink but they lie in wait for the next fatty feasting new dietary weight guidelines created equal from comparisons of fat distribution in wild animals and humans researchers have Learned that fat deposits have very different functions depending on sex and storage site. By Colleen Pierre _ v Baltimore Sun a t first glance the 1900 revision of the Quot dietary guidelines for americans Quot seems simply to give a positive twist to an old message but the text reveals a dramatic change in determining and achieving appropriate _ weight. A. Quot maintain healthy weight Quot replaces Quot maintain desirable weight Quot to eliminate the Quot vanity Factor Quot and establish realistic goals. Height weight charts Are augmented by Waist to hip ratio calculations because we know abdominal fat is More risky than hip and thigh fat and a review of your family a health history to determine your risk Tor. Weight related diseases. The guidelines Are published in a. Booklet available Tole Public which gives simple step by step instructions for assessing your own weight and deciding if you need to lose a few pounds. A \ the Good news most people do not need to lose weight if they fail within the generous guidelines including an increase of 10 to 15 pounds after age 35 and Are otherwise healthy. A. A. If you do need to lose there a More Good news no More starving. A steady loss of Viz to one Pound per week. Twelve Hundred calories formerly 800 is considered the Quot. -. Absolute moderate weight loss while meeting your nutritional needs. The ideals to just Cut Back a Little plan to eat positively according to the rest of the recommendations and practice Good food. Habits to last a lifetime not just until . Weight is where you want it. Dieting athletes expandable storage space As they absorb droplets of fat fat cells can expand at least tenfold. When excessive amounts of fat flow through the bloodstream fat cells May even Divide to soak up the additional Burden. What causes weight regain Phenomena by Nancy Clark a after you be conscientiously dieted and you. Are finally at your weight goal you May be fearful of regaining the fat that you struggled so hard to lose. A i weight goals either self imposed As with Many. Recreational athletes or sport imposed As with figure skaters and lightweight wrestlers can be very frustrating to maintain. A a a. A. A a for example Mark a wrestler rigorously dieted to Cut weight before competitions Only to regain within a Day what head struggled for five Days to lose. Quot i get so tired of a dieting Quot he complained. Quot i look Forward to the end of the season so i can be at my natural weight and eat again Quot for dieting athletes the question commonly arises Quot Why can to i simply lose weight and keep it off Why do i forever struggle with this never ending Battle to be. A thinner quota i b often these dieters Are striving to be unnaturally thin they Overlook the fact that .70 percent of weight is genetic. If they be inherited a Stocky physique which contradicts their vision of slim Ness they la tend to regain any weight they lose once they resume Quot Normal Quot eating. What causes this weight regain Phenomena that plagues Many athletes nutrition researchers at Columbia University theorize that body weight May be regulated by the amount of fat contained in the fat cells american journal of clinical nutrition May 199,0. When you lose weight your fat cells get emptied _ _ hence if you Are a genetically heavy person who has reduced Down to a weight that leaves your fat cells abnormally depleted your body May respond with. A metabolic changes that enhance fat deposition despite eating a skimpy diet that Quot should Quot promote weight loss you May maintain weight and easily regain without obvious overeating. In comparison if you Are a genetically lean person who overeat and overfill your fat cells As with High school boys who try to Gam weigh your fat celts will relatively easily reduce Back to their Normal size once your decrease your calories. A a a a. Since was born with a Sylph like physique you May be More robust than you d like. In you continual efforts to slim you May have become a Quot restrained Ealero a new York time 1. Eat a variety of foods. A 2. Maintain healthy weight. 3. Choose a diet Low in fal saturated fat cholesterol. 4. Choose a diet with plenty of vegetables fruits and grains. -. 5. Use sugars in moderation. 6. Use Salt and sodium in moderation. Quot Quot 7 of you drink alcoholic beverages do so in moderation. The dietary guidelines advisory committee was. Established jointly by the . Departments of agriculture and health and human services and consists of nine nutrition scientists and physicians. A for a free copy write to consumer information Center department 514-x, Pueblo Colo. 81009. I.e., one who skips meals to save calories avoids High calorie foods or ends meals not because of satiety but because of a self imposed Lood limit. At the in Munich researchers / compared the everyday eating behaviour in healthy 18-30-year-Oid women classified As restrained or non restrained . A a a the restrained eaters ate about 250 fewer calories per. Day than the unrestrained group 2,050 is 2.300 calorie despite the fac that they weighed More when adjusted for differences in body composition and height the. Restrained eaters consumed 620 Tower calories per Day the equivalent of a generous meal. / compared to non restrained eaters the restrained eaters had been on More reduction diets during which they a lost at least nine pounds. They reported dieting More often than the non restrained eaters. They tended to eat less fat and drink less alcohol than their counterparts. The authors conclude that All these efforts to to thinner May have resulted in changes that negatively impacted weight control. That is the women who tried to Koep their weight below a natural level the weight they would easily maintain without dietary restrictions May have 1 lowered their metabolism and 2 fallen into the vicious and often fattening Cycle of going on and off diets. Such was the Case with Laura one of my clients. She expressed great anger at her inability to lose five pounds. Laura weighed 135 pounds a a number that simply sounded too heavy so she pursued a very Low calorie but ineffective diet Laura exercised like crazy constantly Felt hungry and reported Quot blowing her diet Quot at least once a week. She was 18 percent fat much leaner than the average woman who is 25-28 percent fat she denied she was lean. , / v Laura was. From an obese family she had been heavy As a child and now due to extreme exorcise and calorie restriction she had finally gotten to her thinnest but she was nevertheless discontent i reminded Laura that even if she were to lose five pounds she d undoubtedly regain it shortly. I questioned whether or not dieting would be Worth the Effort. She clearly was fighting a Battle against a Mother nature Quot a Quot if you like Laura experience similar frustrations with. Losing those final few pounds and then keeping them off you might want to ask yourself Quot is it really Worth the Effort to lose weight just to regain it a perhaps its not. After All there s a Price to pay for being abnormally thin the ability to eat a and enjoy eating a a sports diet that onhance3 your athletic performance and invests in your future being. Nulf Ilion St Nancy claim works for a sports me Ulcina in Sli Iule in Brookline Mam. A a. A a a a a a Colleen Pierre a registered dietitian is National spokeswoman for the american dietetic 14 a or the stars and stripes tuesday december 4,1990 the stars and stripes in Kir Page 15
