European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - June 13, 1991, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Thursday. June 13, 1991 the stars. And stripes Page 5panel favors nuclear powered rockets by Kathy Sawyer the Washington Post Washington after a 10-month. Search for a new approaches to human space exploration a White  panel of aerospace experts has concluded that the old ideas for now Are the Best. The panel known As the synthesis group called for heavy Reliance on new uses of a familiar but controversial technology a rockets powered by nuclear reactors. The panel said nuclear reactor powered rockets not the chemical powered boosters mow in use. Are a the Only prudent propulsion system for the Long trip to Mars. It also recommended development of improved nuclear systems to Supply electricity in space. . Interplanetary robot spacecraft already use a Type of nuclear Power for. Electricity. And the Bush administration has already asked Congress to revive my Clear rocket propulsion research begun in the 1960s because it would drastically reduce flight Lime Between Earth and a Mars. A a. V a. A a a a a the rockets would use a nuclear reactor to heat propellant to High temperatures providing higher performance than chemical propulsion rockets. Programs to develop the technology were terminated in the Early 1970s. The panel also recommended that to carry the heavy Mars exploration hardware to Low Earth orbit Nasa update the design of the first stage engines of the giant Saturn 5 Booster that carried Apollo astronauts to the Moon. The panel s report followed a decisive House vote last week to support human. Space exploration a in the form of the planned space. Station Freedom a at. The expense of unmanned robot exploration. The space station is designed to make possible the life sciences research considered critical to the Long term  lined in the report to put astronauts Back on the Moon in 12 to 14 years and on Mars Between 2014 and 2016. The synthesis group was headed by Thomas a Stafford a former Apollo astronaut and a retired air Force lieutenant general. It included officials of the departments of defense and Energy As Well As the National aeronautics and space administration. Titled a America at the threshold a the 180-Page report was described As a synthesis of 2,500 ideas gathered from thousands of in Ivul urls academic institutions government agencies and aerospace contractors the National space Council chaired by vice president Dan Quayle had asked the panel to a cast the net widely for new  Stafford said adding that the exploration plan should not become a the next Nasa program but a your National strategic plan Tor. Exploring the solar system in 1989. President Bush called Toi an initiative leading to human exploration of the moan and Mars Early m the next Century. The synthesis report was commissioned in part because of White House dissatisfaction with Nasa s proposals Tor earning out that plan the Nasa plan was deemed too costly $40 1 billion Over several decade complicated and slow. Quayle praised the synthesis report As comprehensive and vowed that in the Bush administration the political will re. Quire Tor the undertaking will continue. But so tar the experts have found no Way to dramatically reduce the tune and Money required Tor the undertaking. Lake other Blue ribbon  panels before it the group outlined alternatives. One emphasizes colonizing the Moon. Another focuses on the use of materials and sources of Energy m space such As solar Power beamed to Earth Quot from the Moon. It will be up to Bush to select one or a combination. Rep. George Brown d-c�?Talit., chairman of the House science space and technology committee said the  a looks very  especially the recommendations Tor a nuclear Power initiative and the revival of the Saturn 5 engines and its emphasis to space exploration As a catalyst Tor improving . Science and math  station Freedom a Cost $30 billion a Crow 4 a length of pressurized module 27 it. A Overall length of truss 353 it. A shuttle flights needed to build 23-26 a construction to Start 1996 a permanently manned by 2000 source Nasa a Kail tale shuttle Crew looks for cause of space sickness space Center Houston a Columbia Crew members popped in Contact lenses marked with Star bursts and stared into a rotating dome flecked with coloured dots to help learn Why astronauts get sick to their stomachs in space. The Experiment took place tuesday the seventh Day of the shuttle s nine Day biomedical research Mission. Several Crew members participated in the test in which an astronaut Sticks his head inside the dome and then uses a Joystick to indicate the perceived velocity and direction of a random set of dots inside the Shell. The marked contacts help Chart How the Eye moves during the Experiment a camera uttered a close up of biologist Millie ii ughes Fulford s twitching Pupil. Either astronauts were also seen taking a spin in the dome. The test is aimed at understanding the Workings of the euro vestibular system in the weightlessness of space. Scientists believe changes m the system cause space motion sickness. The ailment a is bothersome and has been a source of concern both in the . And in the soviet programs for a nun Iber of years. It affects More than 50 percent of the Crew members a said Lawrence Young the Experiment s principal investigator. Data trom the test will also help scientists Giulei stand How the system adapts to changes m Gravity a formation needed Tor longer missions. A it people Are going to go to Maisil they ate going to travel Tor a  More m space. Then you need to have some Confidence that when those individuals land on the surface of a new planet with its approximate one third Gravity Thev la be Able to function properly a lie said. Columbia is scheduled to Laud i riday at Edwards a in. A Alii. A Senate s Highway Bill debate tied to tax distribution dispute in the stars and stripes by Richard l. Berke the new York times Washington As the Senate opened debate tuesday  a major Highway and mass transportation Bill proponents scrambled to alter the package to win support from several senators who have attacked it As cheating their states. The measure would provide for $105 billion in Highway and mass transit programs in the next five years. But senators from several states have called for changing a decades old formula under which about 20 states pay More Money into the Highway Trust fund through Federal gasoline taxes than they get Back in payments for Highway projects. The winners have been states with Large land areas and Small populations. Sen. George j Mitchell of a Maine the majority Leader and sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan d-n.y., the chief sponsor of the Bill met late tuesday to draft an amendment to win Over the critical senators. The proposal was to add $8 billion to $10 billion to the Bill and allocate it to the complaining states in an Effort to gain a comfortable majority. They presented the plan monday evening to sen. John r. Warner r-va., who has led efforts to change the formula. After the meeting he said he had not decided whether to go along with the plan but he called it a a serious proposal and said he was studying it. Quot. We have patiently borne up under this inequity Long enough. Now our patience has come to an end a sen. Terry Sanford Warner threatened a filibuster to Force the Senate into acting on the formula for allocating Highway Money. But he backed off that threat tuesday after it became Clear that he did not have the votes to sustain a filibuster. A democratic committee aide involved in the discussions said the purpose was to gain a if not euphoric a then grudging endorsement of the Bill. Earlier tuesday several senators had complained about the Bill. A we have patiently borne up under this inequity Long enough a said sen. Terry. Sanford . A we have willingly paid More than our share of taxes. Now our patience has come to an  he said his state received 75 cents to 85 cents for each Dollar it collected in Federal gasoline taxes. Sen. Bob Graham d-fla., said the Overall Bill had definite Merit but a your criticism is of the mechanical system that distributes the resources in a very inequitable  although the senators working on an amendment to the transportation Bill sought to satisfy the opponents backers denied that the measure was inequitable and argued that the need to overhaul the important transportation legislation should not be undermined by parochial Battles Over How much Federal Money states received. A a there a nothing we can do Quot Moynihan said. A god made Wyoming 550 nulls wide.�?�. The states that have recently collected More in gasoline taxes than they received for transportation from the Federal government Are Texas. Arizona. California. Oregon Oklahoma Kansas. Missouri. Arkansas. Mississippi Tennessee. Michigan Kentucky Wisconsin Ohio. Florida. Georgia North Carolina South Carolina. Virginia Maine and Indiana. All Oiler states received As much or More from the Federal government As Thev collected in Federal gasoline taxes years ago10june 13, 1981 major league baseball players went on strike during the season for the second time in history after failing to negotiate a free agent compensation plan. 20years ago june 13, 1971 in a 15-Page prepared speech before the Virginia bar association attorney general John n. Mitchell gave detailed Legal arguments supporting the Nixon administrations Contention that it May wiretap dangerous radicals without court approval30 years ago june 13, 1961 Congress quickly passed a $12.5 billion authorization for military planes ships and missiles and also approved $8 million for a Jet plane for president Kennedy. 40years ago june 13, 1951 As an alternative to fighting in Korea it. Gen. Albert c. Wedemeyer urged that the United nations sever diplomatic relations and impose an economic blockade on soviet Russia and  nations