European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - October 8, 1991, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Tuesday october 8, 1991 the stars and stripes b Page 32 germans win Nobel in Medicine Stockholm Sweden a the Nobel prize in Medicine was awarded monday to Erwin Neher and Bert Sak Mann of Germany whose discoveries on How cells communicate has helped scientists understand diseases including diabetes and cystic fibrosis. A they conclusively established that Ion channels do exist and How they function a said the Nobel Assembly of the Karolinsky Institute. It awarded the $1 million prize to be shared by Neher 47, and Sakmann 49, who did most of their work at the Max Planck institutes in Gottinger and Heidelberg Germany during the 1970s. Nehera a and Sakmann a work is used by scientists and doctors All Over the world studying diseases such As cystic fibrosis diabetes cardiovascular disease neuromuscular disorders and epilepsy the Assembly said. Before Nehera a and Sakmann a discoveries scientists trying to find the cause of the muscular disorder known As cystic fibrosis were a fumbling in the dark a said Jan Versall a Karolinsky scientist. To be Able to record How the Ion Channel opens and closes they developed a thin Glass Micro Pipette one thousandth of a millimetre in diameter which allowed them to see the ions As an electrical current. Through a refinement of the electronic equipment and the experimental conditions they succeeded in measuring this microscopic current during the 1970s. Their methods Are now used by scientists All Over the world. With this new knowledge and analytical tools Neher and Sakmann have a revolutionized modern biology facilitated research and contributed to the understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying several diseases including diabetes and cystic fibrosis a the Assembly said. A we now have a better understanding of How the hormone Levels in the blood Are maintained at a certain level. Also the basal mechanisms underlying the secretion of insulin have been identified a the Assembly said. Nehera a and Sakmann a research was also used in work on discovering How valium and other such drugs can help people suffering from anxiety. Since world War ii americans have dominated Nobel prizes in Medicine and the other sciences with 60 laureates. That compares with Europe a 45 and just a handful from the rest of the world. The Nobel peace prize will be announced oct. 14 in Oslo Norway and prizes for physics and chemistry will be announced oct. 16 in Stockholm. The Nobel memorial prize in economic science created by the Central Bank of Sweden in 1%9, will be announced in Stockholm on oct. 15. On thursday South african novelist Nadine Gordimer was awarded the 1991 literature prize by the swedish Academy. The prizes Are presented dec. 10, the anniversary of swedish inventor and industrialist Alfred Nobel s death. T 5 i a report says Aid head Roskens violated Law had conflict of interest a a t. My j my Wmk a. A 1 % Mew two Fuff we Nan Jav Jef amp Jbf j Ili Liefl amp i Zajk Jil Ssell Jolt a Jef Jaak shades for fall sets Jim dark vim warming temperatures and improving midweek weather could help empty this display Case of sunglasses in Herborn Germany. This display was in an opticians window. By Al Kamen the Washington Post Washington a congressional and White House officials Are reviewing an inspector general a report that charges that the administrator of the Agency for International development Ronald w. Roskens violated Federal Law and ethics codes in accepting thousands of dollars from outside organizations including some that do business with Aid. The inspector general of Aid Herbert l. Beckington in a report dated april 5 and obtained saturday by the Washington Post concluded that Roskens accepted $7,883 in payments from a different organizations in compensation of his and his wife a travel expenses while Roskens was on official government travel. He took another $2,588 from two organizations for private trips Beckington said but one organization was a corporation a from which or. Roskens had agreed to divest himself As a condition of his presidential  Beckington concluded that the payments constituted a conflict of interest and violated Federal Law against receiving outside income. Roskens asked in August about Beckington a investigation said he had not seen the report but hotly disputed any impropriety. He said then that the allegations were either wrong or overstated and that he had not knowingly committed any ethical or Legal violations. He said Many of the trips and expenses Beckington questioned had been approved in Advance by the Aid general counsels office. Roskens former president of the University of Nebraska and head of Aid since March 1990, could not be reached saturday for comment. The Agency issued a formal statement saturday saying that it was a improper for a we believe it to be highly improper for the Public to have Access to a process which is incomplete Aid statement anyone to comment on the report. It was sent to the White House oct. 1 and is now being reviewed. We believe it to be highly improper for the Public to have Access to a process which is incomplete and a report which or. Roskens has not  Roskens said in August that a copy of Beckington a report had been forwarded to the Justice department for consideration but he was confident the department would not take any action against him for what he described As mostly trivial items. On sept. 4, Justice notified Beckington a office that it had declined criminal prosecution but it did not say Why. Beckington who is out of the country is expected next week to Brief congressional investigators. A congressional source said saturday that the investigation had been a very extensive a but a we have to go Back and read it and figure out whether the Ign a conclusion is  the allegedly improper items listed in the report Range from two University of Nebraska football tickets Worth $40 for Roskens and his wife to a $4,718 payment from the chief executives organization to Roskens wife for expenses on a trip to Geneva  older kids should Cross Street alone experts say Chicago a telling Young children to Stop look and listen before crossing the Street Isnit Good enough say researchers who advise that children under the age of 8 or 9 not be allowed to Cross without an adult. Autos remain the leading cause of death by injury among children second Only to cancer As the greatest Overall killer of Young schoolchildren Federal and National safety Council data show. Diane Winn studied accidents in Orange county Calif. She found that toddlers age 1 and 2 were most Likely to be injured in driveways or by cars driving in reverse whereas children age 3 and 4 were More Likely to be struck in streets or in alleys particularly when they darted Between parked cars. Of six toddlers killed in pedestrian accidents five were with adults. Four older children age 3 and 4, were killed in the presence of adults said Winn associate director of paediatric injury prevention research at the Public policy research organization in Irvine Calif. In three of the eases involving the older children adults contributed to the Accident by either urging children to Cross the Street at the wrong time or by jaywalking with a child who lingered behind. Researcher Lisa Rogers who studied the effectiveness of school programs aimed at preventing pedestrian injuries said that while children a skills at negotiating traffic improve dramatically in the second or third grades children should not be relied on to make Good Street safety judgments until about age 9. Roc re who published a separate study in paediatrics said Many parents mistakenly think their child is advanced or gifted enough to handle most situations. A a 6 year old just May not be Able to understand six lanes of traffic Quot she said. Both studies recommend closer adult supervision better adult Tole models Lor children regarding Sticht safety and keeping children in fenced y at is or away i of 11 attic. Tossing the steel is one of the most difficult and Complex tasks we ask our children to do Quot  i. Katherine Kauler Chu Stopfel. Who is conducting research on i Lulu Pedeski  a i id Eilts