European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - May 5, 1992, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Military technology set a examining the Pentagon s black1 budget the end of the cold War has t curtailed secret spending by Bill Sweetman Jane a defence weekly almost $16 billion for Quot Black a or top secret programs is buried in the Pentagon a new $281 billion budget request according to an analysis by Jane s defense weekly. Although the fiscal �?T93 request is $10 billion lower than this years budget the Cost of Black projects is still at cold War Levels. The size of the Black budget can be estimated from clues in the non classified Public version of the Pentagon report which gives accurate total budget figures for All the services and most military agencies. Black programs Are camouflaged in the budget by generic terms or code names. Sometimes the costs Are listed. For example the Navy requests $86.8 million for a tactical research and development program known As Chalk Eagle. But this is not always the Case. For example the air Force has line items code named Centennial and senior citizen  indication of costs. In the Case of . Air Force tactical research and development projects the total of the line items does not equal the amount Given As the category total. The difference a $809 million a is accounted for by Black programs. Classified funding is also concealed under umbrella line items. For example a single line item for Quot selected activities Quot is buried in the next to the last Page of the air Force procurement budget. It is within the category Quot other procurement Quot and below mundane items such As Quot pallet air  at $5.56 billion it is the single biggest line item in the whole defense department budget. Air Force projects make up 75 percent of the Black budget almost $12 billion partly because its space systems division develops tests and launches spy spacecraft. The most expensive current Black programs include the latest generation of spy spacecraft and hypersonic Quot Aurora aircraft which has been detected Over California. In the air Force ramp a budget a total of More than $2.5 billion is listed for intelligence and communications. Unclassified line items such As the communications and satellite systems known As Mil Star and Nav Star Are listed at Only $123 million. That leaves almost $2.4 billion unaccounted for in the unclassified budget. The air Force requests another $2.23 billion for Quot special programs Quot in missile procurement a category that also includes unclassified satellites. Procurement and ramp a linked to space surveillance programs could total More than $4 billion. This would still leave the air Force More than $7 billion for other Black programs including the giant Quot selected activities Quot line item. A project code named Flave Flag which appears in two categories procurement and tactical research and development May be the air Force s share of the Northrop agm-137a Tri service standoff attack missile. In All the air Force Black budget appears to have risen by about $200 million from fiscal 92 to 93. The Navy spends 10 to 11 percent of the Black budget much of it linked to intelligence or communications. But the Navy also requests $723 million for a Range of code named tactical programs a presumably including its share of the Tri service standoff missile. The largest tactical program retract Maple costs $516 million in the fiscal 91-�?T93 budgets. The next largest retract Elm totals $424 million Over the same period. Another 11 percent of the Black budget is spent by Pentagon agencies chiefly the National Security Agency and the defense intelligence Agency. The army accounts for the smallest share a Mere 4 percent this includes some sizable classified research and development programs such As the . Air Force f-117a stealth fighter wee e primary reason the Pentagon s44bleck budget Quot peeked at More than $17 billion in 1988. Tractor Mark budgeted at $264 million from fiscal 91 to �?T93. The Black budget peaked in 1988 because it included Many stealth programs. The f-117 stealth fighter and the a-12 attack plane were entirely Black. Although the b-2 bomber and the agm-129 advanced cruise missile were officially acknowledged to exist the costs were buried in the Black budget. The same applied to the Mil Star system. The Black budget for fiscal �?T88 a leaving out the stealth programs and Mil Star a was around $17 billion just a bit higher than today a Post cold War amount. The flow of Black funding can be seen in the accounts of some companies notably Lockheed which this year expects to receive about $1.4 billion for classified work at its Lockheed missiles amp space co., in Sunnyvale Calif. A better known As the Skunk works. Lockheed has been the air forces main supplier of spy satellites since the Early 1960s. The company also expects to make $1.3 billion on Quot special Mission  a Small slice of that total is taken up by upgrades on the f-117 and c-130. But the rest is entered in Black programs. Northrop is Likely to move in the same direction As orders for its b-2 bomber Are Cut Back. Last year Northrop a annual report posted $977 million in net sales of unspecified programs noting that Quot much of the work and All of the growth in this area is performed under classified  other companies heavily involved in classified work include try Martin Marietta and Boeing. But their classified sales form a much lower percentage of total revenues with a smaller Impact on Overall financial health. Navy builds a new spy Center by John Lancaster the Washington Post with the departure of the soviet Fleet from the world s oceans the . Naval intelligence come might seem to be sailing into lean times. But you  know it from the commands new Headquarters a $114 million state of the Art facility now rising on a 43-acre site at Suitland Federal Center in Prince George s county md., in the Washington suburbs. The 660,000-Square-foot Structure slated for full occupancy in 1994, is an espionage buffs dream with explosion resistant guard Booths Sheet Metal shielding to thwart electronic eavesdroppers and two Industrial paper shredders each capable of turning top secret documents into unclassified mulch at the rate of 1,800 pounds per hour. Backup generators and batteries guarantee uninterrupted Power for massive telecommunications and computer systems linked by 95 Miles of fiber optic Cable. The world looks somewhat different now from the Way it did in 1988, when the Navy Quot an expansion of the command s Mission with associated increases in staff and space needs Quot in requesting funds for the project from Congress. Critics such As William Arkin a Greenpeace military analyst describe the new Headquarters As a Symbol of the Navy a reluctance to tailor its intelligence bureaucracy to the Post cold War Era. Navy officials acknowledge that that command will shrink along with the rest of the military but they insist the new Headquarters still makes sense. Their explanations open a window into the Navy s concept of maritime intelligence needs in the 1990s and beyond. Navy capt. Leonard Shelton chief of naval intelligence activities in the command said in an interview he would change Quot not one Whit Quot of the new Headquarters in Light of the soviet collapse. Quot the intelligence Challenge goes Well beyond the former Warsaw pact Quot Shelton said citing As an example the command s Central role in tracking shipping traffic in connection with the continuing naval embargo of Iraq. Shelton noted moreover that since the new building was designed in the mid 1980s, its tenant list has grown to include coast guard intelligence and a substantial intelligence detachment from the marines. Few would dispute that the command s current Headquarters situated across the Street from the new site in two world War ii Era office buildings leaves something to be desired. With an antiquated Power system and cramped windowless offices where summer temperatures sometimes soar beyond 90 degrees the intelligence command resembles nothing so much As a crippled ship limping into port. A burst water pipe recently flooded one of its data processing centers and shut Down operations there for several hours. Quot recently a chunk of Concrete fell Down from the ceiling and hit the Back of somebody s chair Quot Shelton said. Quot if it had been one foot Over it would have killed  but the new Headquarters goes Well beyond Mere workspace improvements. Much of the new building s design is aimed at providing Quot Protection for. Sensitive material and equipment from terrorists or foreign intelligence Quot according to an article in the Magazine Navy civil Engineer. Besides the Sheet Metal shielding and hardened guard structures this includes vehicle barricades and special windows that will prevent spies from eavesdroppn9 on conversations according to Navy officials and congressional hearing records. In keeping with its secretive Mission naval intelligence come is reluctant to offer specifics about its size except to say that it employs Between 2,000 and 3,000 employees worldwide. But the engineering Magazine article written by the Navy commander in charge of the project provides an unusual level of detail. It says for example that the new building will include a 1,100-car parking garage a dining facility for 1,500 customers seven elevators and a 350-seat auditorium. The auditorium Shelton said during a tour of the facility will be equipped with electronic devices capable of ferreting out hidden tape recorders and microphones. Other intelligence amenities include a photo labs and laboratories for analysing foreign weapons whose Transfer into the building will be made easier by a two Story loading Bay equipped with four ton cranes i naval intelligence analysts will keep tabs on maritime traffic and world events in a 24-hour-Day, two Story Quot watch room Quot equipped with Large screen video displays and data links with . Intelligence facilities worldwide. It has not escaped notice in some circles that the building and All of its Security features Date to the mid-1980s, when the National intelligence bureaucracy a from the Cia on Down a remained overwhelmingly focused on the soviet threat. But since the soviet breakup last fall that threat has eased considerably to the Point where at last count just six ships belonging to the former soviet Navy could be counted anywhere on the High seas according to a Navy spokesman. Greenpeace Sarkon called the new building a Quot cold War anachronism that highlights the continuing Quot separateness Quot of military intelligence branches at a time when they should be moving toward greater cooperation. But other intelligence experts while acknowledging problems during the War said the Navy will always need an Independent intelligence capability tailored to its unique Mission of protecting . Interests on the High seas. Quot the Navy has a vested interest in maritime activities around the world Quot said a Senate intelligence committee aide who asked not to be named. Quot just knowing what kind of traffic is on the sea lanes is a phenomenal task and More so today Quot the aide said citing drug smugglers terrorists and weapons proliferation As among the Navy s More pressing Post cold War concerns. Page 14 b the stars and stripes tuesday 1992 air Force Sheds a Little Light on its foreign technology Center by Timothy r. Gaffney Cox news service air Force Brig. Gen. Francis Gideon or. Was explaining the work of the foreign aerospace science and technology Center at Wright Patterson fab Fairborn Ohio when the Green Man popped into the room. Never mind the captured soviet made iraqi missile parts lying on a nearby table. Never mind the photo in Gideon s hand confirming an old Rumor that the intelligence Center once spirited a captured soviet fighter Jet into Wright Patterson and hid it in the Center s nearly windowless building. This Guy was Green. Green face Green hair a even his pointed Spock ears were Green. Quot i thought we were coming for our weekly meeting today Quot the Green Man said to Gideon while a reporter and photographer went Bug eyed. Then he popped Back out. Maybe one of the centers Best kept secrets is that its people have developed a certain sense of humor Over its indelible reputation As the place where the Little Green men from space Are kept. The foreign technology Center has operated under a variety of names it was the foreign technology division until last october when a reorganization placed it under the new air Force intelligence come and gave it a new name. Its intelligence analysis work dates to world War ii when As a Branch of the army it gathered data about German and japanese weapons. Its agents brought Back information weapons and aircraft a and sometimes the people who designed them. In the years that followed the Center s primary Job was assessing soviet aerospace capabilities from radars to combat planes to space vehicles. But its charge was to investigate All foreign technology which inevitably linked it with flying Saucer reports that proliferated As world War ii gave Way to the cold War. For decades some people have been convinced that the government secretly recovered a flying Saucer or its wreckage and some kind of Small stature aliens or their remains and keeps them in the sprawling and mysterious intelligence Center at Wright Patterson. With the end of the cold War and the collapse of the soviet Union the Center is lifting the veil on some of those mysteries. Quot we be become a Little bit More open Quot Gideon said wednesday. Quot we re proud of what we do. We made a difference in winning the cold War in my  in a rare display of openness Gideon confirmed the Center once obtained a soviet made Mig-21 fighter and brought it to Wright Patterson. The Center is located near Wright Patterson s Airfield and Gideon said the fighter has been hidden inside its building for a a number of  Quot when we first got it of course we were interested in its capabilities Quot he said. He said foreign technology specialists Quot exploited Quot the plane which probably meant they pulled off every panel examined every Inch of it and tested All of its systems. He said the air plane was never flown at Wright Patterson although in the 1950s other soviet warplanes were flown there. Gideon also showed three soviet style missile Quot seeker Heads Quot captured during the persian Gulf War. A seeker head is the sensor and related electronics that spot and track a target. One from an aa-2d atoll heat seeking missile contained 1960s-Era technology that Gideon said was copied from the american sidewinder air to air missile. Another was from a More modern aa-8b aphid air to air missile. The purloined technology also illustrated Why the demise of the soviet Union does t mean the end of the foreign technology Center s work. The former soviet republics strapped for Cash Are aggressively Selling military hardware and technology. Quot we never know who we re going to get in a fight with 10, 15 or 20 years from now so it behoves us to keep up with what s going on Quot he said the stars and stripes b Page 15