European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - November 15, 1985, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Friday november 15, 1985 the stars and stripes Page 5 Navy reveals test of plane sub laser link b Norman Black Washington a the defense department in an Experiment with significant implications for War righting strategy has successfully transmitted messages via laser Light from a High flying air plane to a submarine cruising at operational  the Experiment confirmed by rear adm. Thomas k. Mattingly and other Navy officials was conducted More than a year ago off the coast of san Csc Montc calif., under the code name Sclair 84, pronounced Slick air. A Small Jet c Irr Ying an experimental Green Light laser was Able to establish Contact and transmit messages error free to it submerged submarine. Although precise details Are classified the air plane was flying at altitudes Between 20,000 feet and 30,000 feet at the Lime of the transmissions one source said. Another source said the term operational depth meant the submarine was More than 100 feet below the surface. The successful test has paved the Way for additional research and convinced some officials a More advanced laser system can be constructed using satellites instead of air planes. During the next two years the Navy will take control of the research from the defense advanced research projects Agency. Although Navy officials caution the service is still Yean away from building any operational system the Experiment offers one promising Avenue for attacking a problem that has Long dogged nuclear planners How to communicate reliably with ballistic missile submarines without requiring the sub to Rise near the surface and risk disclosing its position. Moreover a laser communications system is viewed As having tremendous implications for tactical warfare be cause it could allow surface ships to protect the whereabouts of . Attack submarines while still directing them toward enemy submarines. The existence of the Darpa research program involving so called Blue Green lasers has Long been Public knowledge. The research has been cited in the past by such Law makers As rep. Los Aspin a wis. And sen. Carl , d-mich., who see it As offering an alternative to the extreme Low frequency submarine communications sys tem now being built in Wisconsin and upper Michigan. Recently however Mattingly provided the first Public acknowledgement that the research had moved to the Point of a successful transmission of data. A former astronaut who now directs space programs within the space and naval warfare come Mattingly referred briefly to the test in an article he wrote for proceedings Magazine published by the . Naval Institute. Recently the Navy and the Darpa demonstrated the use of an airborne laser to transmit data to a submarine at operational Depths Mattingly wrote in Dis cussing research projects that could assist surface ships. A satellite based global laser communication system promises the Battle group commander the Opportunity to communicate directly with his most effective anti sub Marine warfare weapon an attack  in an interview Mattingly stressed that the Navy and Darpa were still engaged in Basic research and not development of an operational  but the Experiment did demonstrate that you can. In fact do it have a submarine pick up messages under water and decode them he said. They overcame the attenuation effects of shooting the laser through the atmosphere and water. Another Navy official who spoke on the condition that he not be identified said earlier experiments hid established that it was possible for a submerged submarine to be reached by laser Light. But what we did Here was actually transmit Mes sages the source said. We started at a certain depth and everything we sent was received error free. Then we had the sub Start diving and we accumulated data on How deep it could go before the link was  you re talking about a High data rate very survivable system for both strategic and tactical communications a congressional source said. It would permit you to do new things tactically with your submarines that you can t do now. And it would permit More Covert operation of your  the source said the test demonstrated that there re alternatives to the $230 million extremely Low frequency radio system a network of 84 Miles of antennas grounded in the Bedrock of Wisconsin and Michigan. The system which will be completely operational in 1988, also allows messages to be sent to submerged sub marines. Acle says death penalty claims innocent victims new York a Twenty five inno cent people have been executed in the United states since 1900 and another 318 were convicted of capital crimes they did not commit the american civil liberties Union said wednesday. Although there was Concrete evidence to prove some mistakes were made most of the cases Are based on the authors research and opinion. Professors Hugo Adam Bedau of Tufts University and Michael l. Radelet of the University of Florida note this weakness in their introduction recognizing that some investigators examining the same data that we have in our files on the borderline cases might reach a different.  but the Acle which opposes the death penalty used the report to criticize the Cap ital punishment system and said the figures show the fallibility of the judicial system. Among the cases cited in the report were those of Lindbergh kidnapper Bruno Hauptmann anarchists Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti and convicted spies Julius and Ethel Rosenberg All cases that Are still debated. Half of 343 cases cited Ai wrongful convictions were listed by the judgment of the authors and Are not corroborated by official judgments. The most recent mistake according to the report was the May 1984 execution of James Adams in Florida for killing a rancher during a House robbery. Although a witness testified he saw Adams driving from the scene and stolen jewelry was found in his trunk the authors maintain Adams was innocent because the witness had a grudge against him. Art Wildinger assistant general counsel for Florida gov. Bob Graham said wednesday the Adams Case was heard by a jury and reviewed four times by the Florida supreme court four times by the . Supreme court twice by the . District court and twice by the 11th circuit court of  Wildinger said the governor and the state Cabinet also held a clemency hearing in 1979. The governor did not determine that there was any reason not to carry out the sentence imposed by the court Wildinger said. In another example the report cites the 1975 Case of Jerry Banks who was twice convicted on two counts of murder and sentenced to death in Georgia. A third trial however produced a previously silent wit Ness who cleared Banks. Three months after being freed. Banks committed suicide. The report said he took his own life after learning his wife. Virginia wanted a divorce. The report failed to mention that Banks killed his wife before turning the gun on himself. In each of the cases reviewed the authors conclude that the crime never occurred or the defendant did not participate. The report found that in 32 cases the alleged homicide victim was alive the death was not a murder or rapes never occurred. In 94 cases another person subsequently confessed or was convicted or implicated in the original crime. The Acle called for an end to the death penalty because the judicial system regularly executes or convicts innocent people and because executing the guilty leaches that the killing of human beings is a socially acceptable answer to our  since the death penalty was reinstated in 1976, 37 Stales have adopted death penalty Laws and 49 people have been executed the report said there Are about 1,600 peo ple on death Row and More than 7,000 people Nave been executed in the past 85 years. Sands of time crowded airways Over new York subject of growing concern debate new York a thousands of air planes Fly above new York each Day through one of the busiest air corridors in the world. Occasionally there Are near misses but Only rarely is there a crash. But from the tiny airfields in suburban new Jenty to the government offices in Washington there is Sharp debate Over congestion and the safety of air travel above the nation s most populous City. As the density of airspace use increases the potential for midair collisions increases said Samuel Smith the manager of Westchester county Airport North Ofman Hattan. And in the metropolitan area it it extremely  at the Region s three major airports Kennedy. Iguardia and Newark planes land and Lake off nearly a million times a year. Al Newark the rate has soared by 27 percent Over last year. Corporate jets whose use is up an Esti mated 20 percent in the pad decade rely primarily on six smaller airports in the area. An example is Smith s Airport in White Plains where takeoffs and landings hive risen by 13 percent this year. Then there Are private planes some Shar makes it a lot More complicated to Deal with said . Hough a Pilot and vice president of executive air beet inc., a charter Jet service for businesses. Hough s firm is based at Teterboro air port the destination of a business Jet that collided sunday with a Light plane above a new Jersey Community across the Hudson River from Manhattan. Six people died. Government officials say the crash the fifth fatal air Collison in the new York new Jersey area since 1980, according to the National transportation safety Board Points up the relative rarity of such Acci dents and the level of air safety. When you consider the number of operations into and out of those airports on a daily basis the consensus is that Overall air traffic control is doing an excellent Job said David Kelly of the Nosb s operation Al factors division in Washington. The Federal aviation administration guards the skies by limiting and controlling planes in Large traffic control area around the three major airports. Planes also come under Faa control within a five mile radius of smaller airports. But Small private Craft can Fly under ii the larger airports others peppering the around or above the teas creating a flow still he ski above 32 still smaller Fields. Of unrestricted traffic that relies primarily trip is when it s a big mix of air planes and that on pilots alertness for safely. The principle drive Home. Is called see and avoid and it attracts much of the debate about air safety. I d like everybody to be under radar control said Hough a Pilot for 27 years. But Many private pilots avoid control areas or do not have the electronic equip ment needed to enter them and they oppose More Federal restrictions. The planes involved in sunday s fatal collision were in radio Contact with the control Tower at Teterboro before they crashed noted Patricia Weil a spokeswoman for the aircraft owners and pilots association in Washington. Being under air traffic control does not guarantee air safely Weil said. You be still got to look out the window. You be still got to see and  David Bogart a recreational Pilot who Flics out of Republic Airport on Long is land compared flying to driving on a Busy Highway except that pilots Are More highly trained than motorists. Outside the Tea i m on my own he said. That depends upon my skills As a Pilot just As you depend on the skills of an automobile Driver on the Road. Still he said the hairiest part of the you land your air plane and in the stars and stripes 40 years ago today nov. 15, 1945 from american transports thousands of chinese troops american trained and equipped went ashore in Tsing lao China in the first land ing of Central government forces in communist dominated Shantung province. Tsing lao has been surrounded by communist troops since the end of the War Wilh Japan. 30 years ago today. Nov. 15, 1955 playwright Robert Emmett Sherwood. 59, died in new York Hospital after suffering a coronary Throm Bosis. Some of his Well known plays were the petrified Forest and reunion in  he also wrote the screenplay for the film the Best years of our  20 years ago today. Nov. 15. 1965 . Forces in South Vietnam will increase to about 200,000 men by the Early part of next year authoritative sources in Washington said. There now Are 160,000 . Servicemen in Vietnam the bulk of them army troops. 10 years ago today. Nov. 15, 1975 during a questioning session with students at North Carolina Central University in Durham. President Ford indicated he would consider a Black running mate on the 1976 Republican presidential ticket