European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - December 21, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Wednesday december 21, 1988 the stars and stripes Page 7 two astronauts explore the surface of the Martian Moon phobos As conceived by an artist in part of Nasa s presentation on its plans for the Early 21st Century. Mars key part of Nasa s 21st Century plan Washington a Nasa is laying the groundwork to Send the next generation of astronauts beyond the Earth s orbit Early in the 21st Century with missions to Mars and a space Sta Tion on a Martian Moon among the possibilities. In a report released monday the National aeronautics and space administration said the nation must make a modest investment of resources Dur ing the 1990s to prepare the nation for a Range of opportunities in space. This ability is critical to unite states leadership in space said the re port titled beyond Earth s boundaries human exploration of the solar system in the 21st  the report examined several strategies for exploring inner reaches of the Sola system including establishing a manned lunar Observatory setting up a space Sta Tion on the Martian Moon phobos or sending astronauts to the planet itself Early in the next Century. The ambitious blueprint addresses president Reagan s directive on space policy issued last january. The directive sets As a Long Range goal to expand human presence and activity beyond Earth orbit into the solar  Frank Martin assistant administrator rescuers find teens in Cave Galena to. A Rescue work ers crawled four Miles into a Cave to reach two teen agers who were stranded during an Outing on sunday authorities said. The 16-year-old boys whose names were not released were reported missing to the Stone county sheriffs depart ment when they failed to return Home. They had gone on an Outing at Salt Peter Cave near Galena 25 Miles Southwest of Springfield. It took the Ozark Mountain Cave search and Rescue team about two hours to find All three. They were tired cold wet and dirty but they were All of the sheriffs spokesman said. Of Nasa s office of exploration said there s every indication the Bush administration will support that policy. The underpinnings of any strategy to Send space explorers to the Moon and beyond in the next two decades will be increased Nasa funding for development of new technology life science research unmanned robotic missions development of a new Fleet of launch vehicles Able to lift heavier loads an continued commitment to space station Freedom which is planned for Earth orbit in the mid-1990s. If those conditions arc met the United states could Send astronauts to Pho bos in 2003 or to Mars in 2007 or establish by 200s a lunar base from which astronauts could build a Mars outpost in20is, said John Aaron who headed the office of exploration during production of the report. Aaron said the Agency has not devel oped reliable Cost estimates for the mis Sions studied in the report. We arc not talking about missions that Are cheap he said but we think these arc afford  Martin said such missions probably could be accomplished at less real Cost than the Apollo program which put . Astronauts on the Moon in 1969. At its height the Apollo program Cost about 4 percent of the Federal budget annually which in today s dollars would be about $25 billion he said. You can t do the civil space program on the cheap he said noting the nation now spends about $11 billion annual Lyon Nasa programs. The fiscal 1989 fed eral budget is about $ i. I trillion. We re not a poor nation. We can Fig ure out How to do these things if they re important to us he said adding that International cooperation could help support these missions Martin said Nasa must leap Many technological hurdles before it can accomplish the goal of establishing a per manent human presence in space but said he did t Sec any insurmountable problems. Nasa s project Pathfinder under whose umbrella much of the research will be done gets $40 million this year and the same amount next year despite Nasa s request for $100 million. Martin said annual funding must increase to $100 million soon. The report focused on four Case stud ies for sending astronauts to the Moon phobos and Mars. One scenario would Send astronauts to phobos and then on to Mars another would launch Astro nauts directly to Mars a third would establish a manned Observatory on the far Side of the Moon and a fourth would use an outpost on the Moon As a stopping Stone to Mars. Aaron who is now special assistant to the director at Nasa s Johnson space Center emphasized that the four Case studies arc not proposed missions but rather vehicles for assessing exploration techniques and validating assumptions. A key finding Aaron said is that a Mission to phobos could significantly offset the scale and uncertainties of a direct Mission to Mars. An Earth to Mars Mission would re quire Many new technologies including advanced propulsion and braking sys tems and would require advanced operations such As in orbit Assembly Long term storage and in orbit Transfer of pro Pellant. Much work in the life sciences also would be needed and because the Mission would last More than 14 months artificial Gravity might be needed to maintain the health of the Crew the re port said. Phobos is believed to be an asteroid captured by Mars Gravity and is thought to contain a substantial amount of water and Carbon based materials which could offer potential sources of rocket fuel that could be tapped for exploratory missions to Mars. Drexel reportedly re Emfs settlement by the los Angeles times new York employees of or excl Burnham Lambert inc. We retold monday that the company rejected the terms it had been offered for settling expected criminal charges in creasing the probability that Drexelan several key employees will be indicted on racketeering charges sources said. Frederick h. Joseph Drexel s chief executive told employees via intercom monday that the company could not accept a settlement offered by Rudolph w. Giuliani the . Attorney in Man Hattan. The sources said that Joseph denied thai Drexel had done anything wrong. They said that or excl could be indicted As Early As tuesday. The sources said that Joseph did not specify which terms were unacceptable but he reportedly said that the company did not have adequate re serves to cover the financial penalty demanded by the prosecutors. In a statement the company declined comment on Joseph s remarks. We have consistently refused to com ment publicly about the settlement negotiations the written statement said. Obviously the firm would like to re solve these issues if it can do so on basis that makes business sense and is fair to  it was not Clear whether Joseph s announcement to employees meant a definitive end to negotiations or whether the company was posturing in Hopes of extracting better terms from Giuliani. Bruce Baird head of the . Attorney s securities fraud unit declined to comment monday on any aspect of the Case. Peter Fleming jr., one of or excl s Lead attorneys said i have no idea when asked if there was still a possibility of further talks. He refused to make any further comment. As reported Drexel has for weeks been negotiating to avoid an indict ment. The company was considering a settlement that would involve a Finan Cial penalty of up to $750 million and a guilty plea to at least five felony counts for securities Law violations but not racketeering