European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - December 16, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Pace. 18-new hawaiian Island Ltd Michael Woods National geographic. Lie mysterious geologic forces powering the current eruptions of Hawaii a mount Kilauea Are quietly creating the newest piece of american territory climbing with agonizing slowness from the warm tropical Waters just Southeast of the Island of Hawaii is an undersea Mountain named Loithi volcanology its believe Loithi could emerge above the surface As the ninth hawaiian Island a but not for a while. A Flo ii has grown about 10,100 feet from the Pacific floor a said Thomas k Wright of the hawaiian Volcano Observatory. A it seems to be tapping the same source of magma lava still underground As Kilauea. Loithi needs about 3,100 More feet to break the  experts do not know exactly when Loithi will break surface and emerge As a new Island. However assuming that its growth continues at current rates it could take anywhere from 1,000 years to Many thousands of years to fully develop. Volcanoes have been creating and modifying the Earth a environment Over the sons. More than 80 percent of the Earth a surface is of volcanic origin. Volcanic eruptions have formed Fertile soils sculpted mountains plateaus and other a.  Geof Trophie volcanic action feeding the mount Kilauea eruption is also creating an Island. Justic landscapes gaseous emissions from Voica Nic vents even helped form the Early atmosphere and oceans a where scientists believe life first emerged. A a. A a the Type of volcanic machine powering i Lauca and building Loithi however is not the Normal Type of Volcano. Most of the s0 j Active surface volcanoes on Earth straddle the margins of continents and the huge plates of Rock that Are fitted together like pieces of a Jigsaw Puzzle to make up the planets surface. Earth a surface consists of about a dozen of these plates. The plates move relative to each other a few inches a year. Active volcanoes tend to occur in zones of under thrusting or a subdue Tion a where one plate slides beneath another. A but hawaiian volcanoes Are believed to result from a different phenomenon termed a hot spot volcanism. Geologists theorize that deep under the Pacific plate is a very hot stationary Region termed the a hawaiian hot  the hot spot melts Rock in the overriding Pacific plate. The Molt Cri Rock or magma is less dense than surrounding solid Rock and rises through fracture zones to spill onto the surface or Ocean floor. Over a Span of about 70 million years the continuous movement of the Pacific plate Over this stationary a Fountain of fire sputtered a Trail of More than 80 big volcanoes Over the floor of the. Pacific Ocean. Called the hawaiian Ridge emperor seamount Chain the islands and undersea mountains on seamounts stretch Northwest about 4,000 Miles from Hawaii to the Kamchatka. Peninsula in the soviet Union. 1 the five main hawaiian islands Are the tops of volcanic mountains formed As the Pacific plate moved Over the hawaiian hot spot. Continued movement of the Pacific plate promises to give Hawaii a new Island. If theories about hot spot volcanism arc Correct plate movement eventually will carry Hawaii Island off the hawaiian hot spot. The two Active volcanoes on the Island a Kilauea and Mauna Loa a will become extinct. The hot spot then will pour molten Rock onto the surface through the. Next Volcano in the Chain but another Fate May await the infant Volcano. Infusions of molten Rock from the hot spot for instance May halt unexpectedly. Lois in amp growth would be stunted leaving it just another seamount in the Chain. At a a slant saudi Arabia and quest la i Lynw much of foods vitamins and minerals is lost in cob King a size 839,996 Square Miles three times the size of Texas population 12,678,000 1989 estimate. Main language arabic overview saudi Arabia occupies 90 percent of the arabian Peninsula. It has no permanent Rivers or lakes and most of the country is desert or sloping Plains except for mountains and a Fertile coastal area in the West. Its Oil Fields the worlds largest and the country a chief source of income extend southward from the kuwaiti Border along the persian Gulf. The area was United by Mohammed in the seventh Century but broke up about 750. Various tribes and foreign Powers fought Over the. Territory for centuries until the current Royal family gained Power in 1903 and United the Arab factions in one country. Its a fact the country is Home to the holiest places of islam a Mecca and Medina where the Prophet Mohammed was born and buried respectively. Millions of devout moslem make pilgrimages to the Sites each year. A Quot Quot a i some but not All and the amount varies widely. A a a a a a minerals arc fairly stable in cooking but different vitamins arc susceptible in different degrees to a. Various factors  heat Light and air. This is according to Christina m. Stark a specialist with the division of nutritional science at Cornell. A University a cooperative Extension service in new York. She says that generally water a soluble vitamins like Riboflavin thiamine and especially Vitamin c Are More susceptible to looses in heat and waiter than arc fat soluble. Vitamins like a d a id a which preserves Vitamin c hut degrades Vitamin a. Vitamin c and thiamine Are the most dedicate vitamins Stark says. In conventional Canning using High heat 33 percent to 90 percent of Vitamin c and up to 83 percent of the a a thiamine might he lost.  loss due to processing Isnit always that great. Stark says that because of the preservative Powers of Canning and freezing properly a. Prepared preserved foods even those processed with heat May offer. Amounts of of vitamins and minerals comparable to fresh foods unless they Are taken directly from the Garden and stir Fried. V v. In a study reported by the Institute of food technologists a bowl of peas on the table retained a similar share of Vitamin c whether prepared from fresh peas 45 percent Frozen peas 40 percent or canned or freeze dried peas both 35 percent. In flip Frozen peas some Vitamin c was lost in process lung but it was not heated As much in the final preparation while the fresh peas were exposed to More heat in cooking. A Stark advises not to avoid foods that lose a lot of vitamins since the loss even to High head processing does not result in an a empty  it just Means the food has. Lower Levels of vitamins and it May still be nutritionally valuable. Now York times to plus sunday. December 16, 1990