European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - June 28, 1991, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Friday june 28, 1991 the stars and stripes a Page,5 Rose in washing i on up a political Campaign spend my in Federal state and local campaigns hit $2.7 billion m 1988, up a whopping 50 percent from the previous presidential year a study shows. The study released Rednest Jimiy by the citizens research foundation  the University of Southern California said a 1 Mast two thirds of the total.,&Quot or $1.6 billion was  Fecter a sections. -. But one of the two authors of Telb Survey Herbert i. Alexander argued that the Totaj was not that great considering it covered All fed crag state and local elections including ballot initiatives. Alexander pointed out that Philip Morris and Procter amp Gamble the nations two largest advertisers spend that much Money every year promoting their products. When nationwide Campaign spending is com pared with the amount of Money spent annually on. Such things As gambling and cosmetics the figure seems quite Low he said. Quot. A Money in polities is still hard to get 4 Alexander a said. A Alexander a professor of political science at u8c. Who has been doing these studies since i960. Wrote the latest w Ith Monica Bauer an assistant professor of government at Western new England College. They based their figures on data reported by the. Federal election commission along with interviews of 1988 Campaign operatives. A professionalization of polities is the main cause a Lor the 50 percent increase in spending. Alexander said. Lie said candidates now feel compelled to hire Campaign managers pollsters advertising agents computer because of complicated Campaign elect Ion la Wye is a net pol it Iea i Ace Oun personnel and spending Laws Tants. A a. A. A a a a Alexander added there arc signs that spending Tor congressional races is leveling off and that it is Likely the presidential contest will not Cost As much next time. One reason for the big jump in the 1988 Cycle was that for the first time in 20 years the incumbent president was not running and there were two wide open races for the presidential nomination. A in e>92, if everything goes As expected. President Bush will seek re election and thereby close Down the Republican nominating Campaign. The -�democrats., meanwhile Are starting much later in announcing candidacies and that too is expected to lurid Down spending. ,. Robert a. Most Meherin the stars and stripes 10years ago june 28,1981 a a Booby trapped tape recorder exploded in a Tehran mosque wounding a senior iranian Clergyman who had sharply. Criticized the fugitive former president Abolhassan Bani Sadr. 20years ago june 28,1971 a rescuers recovered the last bodies of 17 mine skilled in a fiery blast in a metropolitan water District Tunnel in the san Gabriel Foothills near los Angeles. The blast and subsequent fire of. Curved 250 feet below the surface. .30 years ago june 28,1961 a the. United states and Britain supported the Independence of Kuwait a was a Sovereign state Quot after Iraq announced its  take Over the emirate and its $3 million a Day Oil revenue.40 year Sago june 28, 1951 a Ham Richardson unseeded . Junior Champion scored one of the greatest upsets in Wimbledon history when he came from behind to beat titleholder. Budge Patty in five sets in the second round of the tournament. Others in by John King the associated in Russ Washington a Tor a five Eitt amp of Day trip last August House democratic Leader Richard a. Gephardt flew aboard a., corporate Jet keeping a Busy schedule of fund raising and campaigning for democratic candidates Senate Republican Leader Robert Dole did likewise in a Busy summer of campaigning last year a in some cases turning to the same organizations that Gephardt relied on to help with his travel arrangements. H Campaign Linance and travel records show that Gephardt d-mo., and Dole a. Kan., were not making unusual travel plans. When members of Congress or the Cabinet want to get somewhere in a hurry hey often skip Airport lines and travel on corporate jets for a fraction of what it would Cost to charter a private plane. Such travel has received increased scrutiny of late because of the controversy Over White House chief of stall John Summa. Who turned to corporations for air transportation after the White House sharply curtailed his Access to government jets. Sununu is not the Only member of the executive Branch to use corporate jets. Commerce Secretary Robert a. Mosbacher ire use company jets shaken Sununu to curb travel paper says Washington a White House chief of staff John Sununu has decided to Cut Back on his travel in an a attempt trend complaints that lie is More concerned about his perquisites than the interests of. His Boss. The Nev York times reported thursday. The newspaper said people who have talked with Sununu in recent Days report that lie is shaken by the Lack of a rousing endorsement from president Bush amid the juror Over Sui Gnu s travel aboard air Force jets and . A Sununu a advisers Are spreading the word the newspaper said that he has recognized that lie underestimated the explosiveness if the travel Issue. And is. Concerned about any embarrassment he May have caused Bush. Quentlyn travels on corporate. Planes for official and political trips often turning to former business associates and big gop donors when lie wants a priv ate Jet according to his financial disclosure statement. Mosbacher for instance flew on a corporate Jet last year for a six Day european trip. Hie plane  by Saul Steinberg a major donor to Bush s i988 presidential  use of corporate jets by members of Congress and the Cabinet is nothing new. And there is nothing illegal about such flights provided that elections Laws and other regulations Are followed. I he lawmakers Delend such flights saving that they Are fully disclosed and paid Lor with political funds a and that the flights allow them to spend More time in Washington Toi meetings and votes because they can avoid delays at  travellers pay the equivalent of first class Tares Tor comparable commercial flights or charter rates if to commercial service is operated Between the cities involved in the travel. But critics complain that allowing lawmakers Ami senior administration of Licals to Fly in corporate jets gives big business too Tiuch Access and influence. �?o1 think there is potential conflict of a Terest. And it s Access that the average pc. Son does no to have Quot said Craig Mcdonald of Congress watch a citizens group that monitors Congress. A. Washington apr an International Effort could Send three men and three women to Mars for a fraction of the Cost and much sooner thai a go it alone american Effort to put explorers on the planet . And soviet scientists said wednesday. The Price tag for an International team of explorers would be under $60 billion said a study by professors and graduate engineering students from Stanford University and five senior soviet space engineers. Quot Quot a the United states is in trouble in going it alone in any race for Mars a the study said. A if they chose to the soviet Union and Japan or Europe could put an International Crew on Mars Long before the United states working alone. With Cost sharing an International project would be within the present National and regional space  Bush has proposed that the United states establish a permanent base on the Mooil Anil Send an expedition to Mars by the year 2011>, in time for the 50th anniversary of America s first Landing on the Moon. Although no  estimate has been  project is widely expected to Cost $500.billion or. More. The , said an expedition could be put on Mars within 21 years using existing technology. Hie. Mission would be an International Al fort using the soviet Energy a rocket the biggest among space faring nations. The United states had a More Power Lul rocket for the Apollo Moon flights but Long ago abandoned the Assembly lines now the Only engines left Are in museums. Development of a new . Heavy lilt vehicle has been proposed by Nasa but the Cost might be As High As $15 billion and add live to 10 years to the schedule the new report said. The Stanford soviet study was  through a National aeronautics and space administration Grant and by Industry. It was headed by Bruce. I Usi Guan a professor of electrical engineering. Included in the $60 billion Cost would be preview missions using lobols1 to explore the Martian Surl act Ami return soil samples. Two years before Crew arrival. Piclas Ric ated a a apartments Ami a a Gaia be a. Containing two tracked vehicles would be landed on Candor gliasma.,  the giant rift Vasilev that stretches More than 4,000 Miles across the Martian Equator. To guard against cosmic radiation. 22 tons of water and structural. Shielding would be put into the Walls of the space ship. And Tocoi Bat Zero Gravity the ship would be spun around a 5-ton counterweight to simulate one third of i Mill s Gravity the same As on Mats. . To try to revive North Case in september Washington at a Federal judge wednesday scheduled a sept. 10 hearing for the government to try to reinstate Oliver North s convictions in the Iran Contra affair. Robert c. Mcparlane former National Security adviser will be the first witness according to the order by . District judge Gerhard a. Gesull. Hie supreme court last month let stand an appellate Coutt decision that had set aside North s three convictions. But the appeals Cost Oid Rcd Gesell to review the trial testimony to decide whether witnesses woe influenced by North s testimony to one Russ. At a hearing this month. I Sci said he wondered a Liat Independent counsel Lawrence e. Walsh Ellice was living to accomplish by seek me i he heat me. I he Jimidee said lie believed their was Only a slim Chance the convict ions could be reinstated. Notch was convicted of do Stromg documents. Accepting an illegal Gra Luitz and aiding the obstruction of Congress. I he conviction on destruction of documents was overturned. Outright by the i s. Cost of appeals Tor the District of co he ibid circuit in july lbs aude the of he i t Vav o w e i c sc11 aside