European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - June 9, 1994, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Thursday june 9, 1994 . The stars and stripes Pago 9sound ferrets out deadly mines by the new York times Cambridge  devices that use sound As a probe May help find some of the millions of land mines that kill and maim the people of Many countries every Day acoustic scientists say. Anti personnel and anti tank mines made of Metal can be found with the same Type of detectors used to screen airline passengers. But hundreds of types of mines manufactured by the former soviet Union and Many poor countries cannot be detected magnetically because they Are made of Wood or plastic. Some american mines Are also nonmetallic. The m-14 plastic anti person incl mine scarcely larger than a marshmallow is particularly difficult to locate. It is Small because it is intended to maim. Acoustic technology moreover May find uses in Hospital emergency rooms and Battlefield Aid stations where surgeons need quickly to find nonmetallic fragments invisible to a rays that May lie dangerously hidden in deep wounds. Glass and plastic debris from car crashes Are typical of the objects that could be found acoustically. Acoustic detectors also could prove must be Cut senator tells Nasa i Washington a the top Man at the National aeronautics and space administration was warned tuesday to find ways to Cut its spending or Congress will do it for him. Sen. Barbara Mikulski chairwoman of the subcommittee that oversees the spending told administrator Daniel Goldin that he must consider cutting one of two major programs. A i done to know How to choose Between these two individual programs a Goldin said a a either you pick it or we will a said Mikulski did. The two programs in question Are the Cassini Mission in which a spacecraft would stay in the Vicinity of Saturn for four years and Fly close to several of Goldin its Moons and the advanced a Ray astrophysics facility one of the a great observatories that in elude the Hubble space Telescope. Both projects have greatly increased in Cost. Mikulski told Goldin that his funds for the year that begins oct. 1 May drop to $13.7 billion less than the $14,3 billion requested by president Clinton. She said she told vice president a1 Gore a Strong Backer of the space station that unless the administration comes up with a solution for the shortfall Nasa will be subjected to the sharpest budget Cut in years. A at $13.7 billion funding for the space station w Koukl have to be Cut at least $200 million a she said. A the space shuttle program would have to absorb a Cut of at feast another $100 million. And finally we would Likely have to terminate a major science Mission probably either Asaf or the Cassini probe to  Goldin countered that his Agency absorbed a 30 percent budget Cut in the last 14 months and that nasal a ability to build the space station and carry out its science projects would be impossible. A i think we can overcome this problem by using More microphones in our array. But much depends on getting the Money we need from the australian defense  a Charles g. Don Monash University useful in locating underground pipes made of plastic Concrete conduits archaeological relics and other nonmetallic objects scientists say. At a meeting in Cambridge of scientists at the acoustical society of America Charles a Don of Monash University in Melbourne Australia described the acoustic device that might be adapted As a mine Detector. The device was built by Don and his colleagues at Monash University in a project partly financed by the australian defense department in its simplest form the device consists of a Loudspeaker that blasts Strong pulses of sound two thousandths of a second into the ground. Two microphones mounted on opposite sides of the speaker record the echoes that return from the ground and the pulse from the Loudspeaker is so Brief that it can be distinguished from the echoes that follow a split second later. A Novelty of the system Don said is that it distinguishes Between the sound wave bouncing Back from the ground and the much fainter Echo caused by the sound wave reflected by an object buried beneath the surface. The use of two separate microphones results in slight differences in the form of the combined echoes coming from the ground surface and a buried object. A Complex computer comparison of the Cohoes impinging on the two microphones reveals not Only the depth of a concealed object computed from the time it takes Tor an Echo to reach a microphone but also the objects approximate size and shape. Quot another acoustic physicist at the week Long meeting said he believes that several other innovative approaches to the detection of mines might prove practical. The scientist Lawrence a Crum of the University of Washington in Seattle has explored the possible use of helicopters As sources of sound to be used in detecting buried mines. Don said his technique had trouble detecting round objects which tend to disperse the sound hitting them a i think we can overcome this problem by using More microphones in our array a Don said. A but much depends on getting the Money we need from the australian defense  in principle the acoustic Detector will find an object made of any material other than the soil in which it is buried. 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