European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - September 6, 1978, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Page 10 the stars and stripes wednesday september 6, 1978 crime image of gambling called false Detroit a the average Book making parlor is a Small time business and the image of a huge sinister organized crime gambling Industry was created by Law enforcement officials trying to explain their failure to Stop illegal gambling a new study  versions of the first two sections of the detailed 10-year study scheduled for release this fall have been made available to the Detroit free press the newspaper reported monday. The study financed in part by the Feder Al Law enforcement assistance administration is based on Federal and local Law enforcement Agency records in the new York City area. The study also declares that illegal gambling figures May be inflated by Federal agencies and that stones of Large gambling operations May be fabricated to help support Agency budget re quests. Control claimed an Fri spokesman in Detroit declined comment on the study. But the free press quoted an unidentified Federal Law enforce ment source Here As arguing that while the study May accurately reflect the Situa Tion in new York City organized crime does indeed have Strong control Over de troit area gambling rackets. The researchers conceded that the new York situation May not be typical of the rest of the country. The report concludes that bad Law and even worse policy have resulted from police agencies Basing their fight against organized crime on what the writers say Are myths and misrepresentation of facts. The image of a powerful National crime ring serves Fri and police purposes the study argues because it helps explain Why they Are unable to control illegal gambling and other criminal enterprises. The study was done in new York City from 1965 to 1975 by sociologist Jonathan Rubinstein and economist Peter Reuter. Both Are associated with policy sciences Center inc., a new York think tank. Estimate criticized the authors criticize a 1974 Justice department estimate that $29 billion to $39 billion a year is involved nationally in Ille Gal gambling. Rubinstein and Reuter said the department s method of making such estimates is exceptionally crude and de signed to insure a very Large  Rubinstein and Reuter said they found much of the information in police files to be false and deliberately  re training upgrading asked women s jobs More than double by Peggy Simpson Washington a women must be encouraged to train for and accept non traditional jobs while Low paying jobs held by the bulk of them must be upgraded a Carter administration official says. Alexis Herman head of the women s Bureau in the labor department said that nothing has been More dramatic in the past decade than the huge influx of women into the work  than 42.1 million women held paying jobs As of july which is a 129 per cent increase from a decade earler she of " "a.,. I rail summer flies away Jason Kathman and Susie Stetania hold chatting with seagulls and facing up to hands on the Beach at Presque Isle pa., the end of a summer affair. Up said adding that the number of married women who work is five times that of the 1940  this Herman said most women remain clustered in clerical service and sales jobs and their  is less than 60 per cent that of  be got to be just As concerned about the occupational stereotyping of women into Low paid jobs As we Are about getting women into non traditional jobs she said. Herman helped shape Federal regulations that will open More Blue Collar jobs to women. The regulations issued earlier this year require construction companies with Federal contracts to hire at least 3 per cent women. And apprenticeship pro Grams registered through the labor department Are required to recruit at least 20 percent  Concrete value because most women work Only along Side other women the move to require equal  for equal work is of Little con Crete value to them Herman said. She said there is an urgent need to go beyond the traditional equal  suits with data that will compare women s work with Simi Lar jobs characterized As men s  some labor department studies show that women doing jobs comparable to those done by men Are paid significantly less indicating women May be paid less simply because they Are in women s jobs Herman  labor department recently re solved a complaint against the Dallas school system by finding that women cleaning up the schools were paid far lower than men doing virtually the same work. The system was redesigned with people doing comparable work being paid the same. Analysis planned Herman said her department plans to Analyse the sex stereotyping of federally financed Public service jobs As the next step in attempting to Stop sex discrimination in the work Force. Meanwhile a non profit group that focuses on problems of working women announced monday it is placing questionnaires in eight National women s Maga Zines with a combined circulation of 50 Mil  need to know much More about working women than just their  scale marital status education Levels race or age said Elizabeth Duncan Koontz who directed the women s Bureau in the John son administration and now Heads the National commission on working women. The questionnaires will be placed in this month s issues of the women s magazines. Report says Only one in five rape cases ends in con vice Ion Washington up prosecution in sex assault cases May bring convictions in As few As 22 percent of the cases a new Federal study  Many of those convictions May be for lesser offences than the original rape charge. The findings contained in a report re leased by the Law enforcement assistance administration were based on a study of 321 sexual assault cases in the District of Columbia from 1971 to 1976.the study showed that Only one of five arrests for forcible rape resulted in conviction in 1973, a much lower incidence of conviction than the 30 to 35 percent for murder robbery or burglary. The report also showed that sex offend ers once caught usually do not repeat their crimes but those who do repeat Are Likely to commit other violent crimes. In reviewing the reasons for dismissal of rape charges the study found that 7 per cent of the cases were dismissed because the Story of the witness was implausible or contradicted by other  Twenty five percent were dismissed be cause the complaining witness did not show up. Another 3 percent were dismissed for Lack of prosecute be Merit 9 percent for evidence problems 4 percent for element of offence missing and 6 per cent for problem with an essential wit  findings were that children were usually assaulted by a person they knew while women were More Likely to be assaulted by strangers. While some prosecutors have contended that physical Force and injury to the victim were key elements in proceeding with a rape prosecution and securing a conviction the study found these factors made very Little difference in the outcome. Young defendants were the most Likely to be convicted and both Young and old victims were the most Likely to have their cases end in conviction the study said. The chances of conviction in a rape were increased if a sodomy charge also was brought and decreased if the victim had an arrest record the study found. Union chief says cutbacks will put chill on tax revolt Washington up the burgeoning taxpayer rebellion will be tempered once americans see the devastating cutbacks in Public services that result the president of the fastest growing Union of Public employees said  Wurf president of the american federation of state county and municipal employees told interviewers on the Abc program meet the press the across the Board tax cuts such As those included in California s proposition 13 soon will backfire. Most of the tax Relief is enjoyed by business he  we find the meat a approach Means the devastation of the Quality of life for hundreds of millions of americans then you will find much More rational tax proposals forthcoming Wurf said. Public employee unions such As his million member affiliate of the Al Cio enjoy Little Public support because politicians make Public employees scapegoats for mismanagement he said. The statistics belie the fact that we have a special station in life Wurf said. Public employees have to Bear the Burden of inept management he said and the voter somehow or other gangs up on the Public employee instead of holding the politicians to account for the promises they have  Wurf also touched on these Points labor cannot hold wage demands to 5va percent the figure urged by president Carter unless prices Are limited too. Despite disagreement with Carter his support continues. I m not ready to Call the end to the game after the second  the proposed Compromise on natural Gas deregulation calling for deregulation by 1985 would have a totally devastating effect upon  bitterness lingers from the fight in Congress Between organized labor and business Over the proposed revision of Federal labor Law. This Effort to Cut Down the ability of labor to function on behalf v its membership was a particular piece of outrage Wurf said