European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - February 15, 1987, Darmstadt, Hesse                                By John d Kasarda chairman of Iho sociology Dop ailment Al Tho University of North Carolina at Chi act Mil. Show hat All Hanron some of Iho Large civics had stemmed i Civ Overall population losses Ine number at whiles continued to Doc Lino As Blacks incr Asod it is largely i to poor Blacks whose numbers arc increasing Middle class Blacks have pined Whites in Many areas in moving to she suburbs several studies have shown. Tho studios have also shown thai Iho economic revival of Central cities has been of mile Benefit to the poor except or Puoplo with Low paying service 0bs such As hotel maids and last food Darns and Blacks who a Tew years ago were beginning la improve their income through Industrial jobs have been particularly Hurt by the general trend to Tower wages in Iho now service Economy the Heller paying Central City jobs have gone increasingly to people living in the suburbs or in expensive inner City housing. Iho studies show. A paper prepared Lor the join economic committee of Congress by a group of economists including Frank i Hoyden of Tho Massachusetts Institute of technology concluded Hal All recent research on Iho sub ocl Points in Iho same general direction a tendency Loward Low wages in particular and growing income inequality in general in the United  meanwhile the unemployment Rale among Blacks remains much higher Ihan that o Whites. For 1985, Tor example when unemployment among while adults was 5.6 percent among Black adults it was 14.9 percent. In 1984 nearly one Hall of Black men aged 16 to 24 had no Woric experience Al ail. At the same time Federal Vellaro assistance to the working poor has declined or been eliminated under Reagan administration policies according to lha findings of Nathan and the Urban Insl Lule a research Agency in Washington the largest  of poor Blacks Are in he larger cities. In Newyork in 1970.1hsrewere311,841 poor Blacks in poverty areas. By 1380 their number had grown o 452.030, and they constituted All but 14 percent of the poor Blacks in the City. There Are no comparable figures since 1930, bul census surveys showed that new York s Overall population below the Sovei by line increased 14 percent to 1.58 million from 1980 to 1983, a period in which Manhattan s economic Boom was under Way. Many of the now poor were Blacks in a Averly areas according to the exports. Chicago with its High Rise pubic housing is usually cited As the leading example of concentrated Black poverty but Toledo one of Tho smaller of the 50 cities included in the study by Nathan provides a More typical example. In 1980. Toledo had a population of 354,000, of whom 61,000 were Blacks most of them settled there in the 1940s and 1950s, moving from farms in Mississippi arid Alabama to take jobs in what was then a booming Industrial area where a person without training could walk a Block or two Andrj find a i actuary Job All that has changed for Blacks and whiles Over Iho last few years As Plant after Plant has closed the cry is now rebuilding its Dov town around new office buildings a a. A Podio homeless Man reals at a salvation army Center. Convention cry nor. Hotels and shops on the  River which opens into Lake e no below Dol roil making Toledo a map shipping port with an attractive waterfront but Tho City is living in rfcs fear that its largest manufacturer Tho jeep corp. Which employs  people will close As it has threatened to do in a War of nerves with the a ruled aulos Ottilo workers like Arnott cities Toledo has experienced a series of civil rights advances from fair housing efforts that have opened new neighbourhoods Lor minority people lol in entry of Blacks into business and politics but growth of Black poverty areas and confinement of most Blacks within a few Square Miles o the City South of downtown has created tensions recently a 27-year-old while Man Kirk Al Tab Emir. Was sentenced to 9 to 5 years in prison or firing a sawed Oil Shotgun Inlo the Homo of a Black family who moved into a while neighbourhood. He said his motive had been of Send a Little message to Blacks and White opposition has Arisen to a proposal to rename Dorr Sterol. The main thoroughfare of the Black Community Martin Luther King or. Boulevard scores of cites have routinely renamed streets to Honor the civil rights Leader in 197d, 10,531 Toledo Blacks lived Rrt poverty neighbourhoods. By 1980 the number had grown to 16019 and by All estimates it is much higher now we Are in deep trouble said Iho Rev Floyd a a former president of the local chapter of the National association Lor the advancement of coloured people we have Tost our children. When hey got o High school age Iney Are not in school and they arc not irs pos. They Are on the streets. By Tho year 2000 it is estimated thai 70 percent o All Black men will be in jail dead or on drugs or in the throes of  speaking to the loss of Community he said thai 20 years ago Many of the businesses in he Black neighbourhoods were owned and run by Blacks bul were now owned and run by asians. A Tew blocks away at the Kitchen or the poor. Savage the minister told of other reasons Lor distress growing numbers Are on welfare he said. There is Public housing Here but there is a Long waiting list. The cheapest you can rent a House Lor is about $300 a month which those on welfare Carmol afford. What they do is get up enough Lor a Security Deposit and the first month s rent and stay there As Long As they can before they Are evicted. It is cons Ian moving trom one House to  America s cultural isolation by Fred m. Hechinger new York times Omentum appears lobe gathering in the United slates for an alack on what Many educators regard As americans ignorance Aboul the world beyond their shores. Foreign failures and difficulties Hal have developed in recent years from Vietnam to Iran have led to Calls for a general Boleslo ing of americans knowledge of unfamiliar languages and cultures some Day we May have a president who has been a fun Brighi said William a Fulbright. The former us senator drawing laughter from the audience at a recent dinner held in his Honor by lha Institute of International education Fulbright. Who 40 years ago initiated the Fulbright scholarships to allow american students to study abroad Maynold have been entirely serious in his prediction about 1  presidents but he was serious about the urgent need for More americans politicians policy makers and Volais Lopnow More about the world Over which Char country in excises great Power. He said the scholarships which have Long since become the Model of s Lucent exchanges were primarily designed to Aid americans to educate us about the rest of the world. To need to understand what other people think " while we Don t have to agree with them he went on we need to understand their right lot different he called in the alternative o nuclear  in recent weeks there have been signs thai the Federal government is waking up to the need to understand what other people say and think a Slata department study warned of a shortage of foreign service officers who speak languages of countries and regions vital to foreign Polecy. These languages include japanese russian arabic and chinese but a great Many others could be added. Recognition thai foreign languages Are essential to successful diplomacy comes late to the state department the tall of the Shah of Iran and the country s takeover by a fundamentalist islamic government is a Case in Point. These events occurred when i was serving on president Carter s commission on foreign language and International studies. The commission viewed them As an Opportunity to convince american policy makers of the importance of a greater knowledge of the language and background of crucial areas in a meeting with a High ranking state department Otinicial arranged by James a. Perkins the commission s chairman she official conceded Hal Iran was an intelligence failure " but plan to establish a National foreign language Center Al the Johns Hopkins school of advanced International studies the Center is to be privately financed Wilh Grants irom such foundations As the Pew memorial Irusle the Ford foundation and the Exxon education foundation which is trying to make its Mark despite Jome initial opposition the Center s aim is to develop a coherent National a in Algy Lor irn moving the Quality of foreign language teaching both in and out of the formal education system 11 15 the forerunner of a privately funded National foundation Lor foreign language and International studies t he chronicle of higher education reports that Iho idea of the Center has been criticized by some foreign language teachers who charge Hal they have nol been sufficiently involved m its planning they also Obj clod thai the censer Mould Siress Iho teaching of adults Over the need to Deal to Vii students in schools and colleges Thoy also expressed concern that the censer would be limited to serving corporate and military needs in Trie past Leiv years Al least 90 major colleges and universities fun Ivy instituted or rent stilled language requirements. 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