European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - July 11, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Monday july 11, 1988 the stars and stripes Page 9 soviet marshal switches to Indian chief marshal Sergei Fakhr Omeyer chief of the an chiefs headdress a gift presented sat soviet Union s general staff dons an Indi urday in Oklahoma City. The Stop was part of a whirlwind tour of . Military bases. He was being accompanied by adm. A photo William j. Crowe jr., chairman of the joint chiefs of staff. Ozone peaks causing horrendous summer Washington a the heatwave in much of the country is pushing up concentrations of Ozone a major air pollutant Over big cities to Levels some times not seen for a decade. We Are having an absolutely Horren Dous summer commented Bill Becker executive director of the state and territorial air pollution program administrators association. Ozone prompted air pollution advis ories in Chicago every Day last week and caused standards to be violated in ver Mont for the first time in recent memory. Several states and cities warned peo ple with lung problems to curtail activities and stay inside during the afternoon. New York had a statewide advisory on Friday. The new peaks come at a time when the environmental Protection Agency i considering whether new Ozone Stan Dards Are needed because of unexpected lung damage under certain conditions. They also coincide with warning from some scientists that the Long predicted greenhouse effect warming of the Earth has begun and hot dry Ozone prone Summers Are going to become More frequent. James Hansen a climatologist at the National aeronautics and space administration says hot Summers with hot defined As the warmest one third of All Summers in 1951-1980 could occur half the time in the mid-1990s. Heat speeds up Ozone formation. Temperature inversions May trap Ozone near the ground and keep it from dispersing. Though in the stratosphere Ozone protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet rays of the Sun at ground level Epa has defined it As unhealthy in concentrations Over 0.12 parts per million for an hour. Ozone constricts the air passages in the lung. It is the chemical than makes your Chest feel tight in smog. Three things make Ozone sunlight oxides of nitrogen from burning Fossil fuels and compounds like those found in unburned gasoline vapor which react with the nitrogen oxides. Concentrations Peakin the afternoon and decline at night. The chief weapon for fighting Ozone is reduction of gasoline Vapours through controls on cars. Some areas require Auto inspections and vapor recovery at service stations. The junking of older dirtier cars has brought cleaner air to Many cities but Epa lists 68 cities and Rural areas As Vio lating Ozone  latest research part of a wave of new findings that started about two year Sago could mean an additional Standard covering a longer period like six or eight hours said Bruce Jordan head of the standards Section in Epa s air program. That could take 18 months to develop he said. Most Ozone research has concentrated on Peak exposure but new work show that several hours of exposure at elevated Levels Means it takes less exercise to bring on restricted breathing. We be seen an effect at 0.08 ppm for6.6 hours said Jordan. Our real con Cern is multiple hits of peaks and valleys of exposure. You seem to get More dam age than with a constant  animal studies show that lung damage from High concentrations tends to per Sist something the Agency Hopes to con firm or Rule out through human autopsy studies. Some reports from the Field at Bennington in the Southwest Corner of Vermont a Monitor recorded Ozone concentrations of 0.125 ppm on two Days in june. I m not prepared to say what the Ori Gin is but the majority has to be inter state transport said Brian Fitzgerald of the state natural resources Agency. In other words pollutants emitted in Massachusetts Connecticut new Orkand other upwind Points Early in the Day were still forming Ozone after having been blown into Vermont. He said no one could remember the last violation but he believed it was three or four years ago. Washington d.c., As of Friday had seen 15 Days in which the Standard had been violated compared with six expected in a Normal year. The Peak read ing 0.19 ppm on thursday has not Bee matched in nine years. Chicago has had nine Days Over the Standard compared with an estimated seven in a Normal year. The City issued its first yellow Alert in a decade the first step up from an advisory for read Ings at three monitors Over 0.20 ppm last thursday with a Peak of 0.223 ppm. Louisville ky., has had seven Days Over the limit is. Six in All of 1987. Gary Wilson technical services super visor said my Only comment is lord Send us some  but the Long Range forecast he said is dismal with the same weather pattern expected for All of july. Five municipal areas in Pennsylva Nia Harrisburg Scanton Wilkes Barre Reading Altoona and Erie have had readings Rugh enough this year alone to win them official designation As non attainment areas something Epa does after averaging data for three years. Richmond va., has had nine Day above the Standard this year tying the 1983 record. New York City has had 11 Days Over compared with 16 in All of last year