European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - October 8, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse I by to Emerson Cox news service if the average american is to sleep perchance to dream hell find a Host of academics and new age mavens to Tell him what he a seen. Dream dictionaries and self improvement volumes proliferate these Days promising to reveal gods forgotten language or to have you living your dreams. Some such As the recent title Lucid dreams in 30 Days offer Power dreaming As the new age equivalent of thin thighs. Sleeping visions have captured the popular imagination since the Days of the pharaohs dreams of lean and fat cows up through the mind blowing literary excursions of Carlos Castaneda. Today courses that Deal in dream interpretation Are offered on College campuses and therapists explain night visitations on radio talk shows. Meanwhile a new intensity has entered the scientific debate concerning the nature of dreams a debate that a shaking the foundation of modern psychology set in place 90 years ago by Sigmund Freud. The Challenge to Freud comes from a physiological Model of dreams enunciated by an erudite Harvard professor named j. Allan Hobson. Freud based his map of the mind on the idea that suppressed wishes a such As the oedipal desire for sex with ones Mother a surface in the form of dreams. The conscious mind unwilling to entertain these thoughts disguises them in dream symbols but the censored material through analysis can be traced Back to its original meaning. Hobson and his colleague Robert Mccarley say Freud was working from antiquated brain physiology As outmoded today As the practice of leeching. They say the discovery of Rem sleep a visions of sleep periodic state of elevated metabolism marked by rapid Eye movement and closely associated with dreams in the 1950s, and the fact that Rem periods recur like clockwork every 90 minutes help provide a simple physical explanation for dreams. Dreams Are not coded messages blurted from the unconscious but the forebrain a Clumsy Effort to make sense out of the brain stems spontaneous random nighttime signals. Not surprisingly the Hobson Mccarley Quot activation synthesis Quot theory is giving the freudian nightmares. A a it a irrelevant Quot grouse one leading sleep researcher. Quot its an ingenious theory it just happens to be wrong Quot says another. Not All of Hobsons detractors Are intent on supporting Freud. Some such As sleep researcher Stephen Laberge of Stanford University in Palo Alto Calif., Are simply perturbed at the suggestion that dreams Are less than revelatory. While agreeing with Hobson that dreams Aren t messages from the unconscious Laberge says dreams Are cognitive models of the world. Quot they reveal the assumptions we have about reality showing what we fear what we want Quot he says. Quot unless we have perfect self knowledge we Are Likely to discover things when we look at dreams that we did no to know we Laberge touts Quot Lucid dreaming As an even More rapid path to self knowledge. In his 1985 Book Lucid dreaming Laberge brought attention to the phenomenon in which the dreamer becomes aware that he or she is dreaming and takes charge of the dreams Cape. Instead of running from the knife wielding monsters of nightmares the Lucid dreamer can face dreamed fears and integrate warring factions of the personality. Even More tempting to the casual Reader Are or. Laberge s tales of fabulous a Fri if. Not a technician monitors a patient at the sleep disorders Center of the scrupps clinic and research foundation in la Jolla Calif. Flights cosmic insights and explosive orgasms All experienced while Quot awake Quot in dreams. In the Book a surgeon reports improved skill in the operating room after practising procedures during sleep and athletes after rehearsing in slumber claim better waking performance. Next year Laberge s lucidity Institute a member supported organization that helps fund research plans to bring the dream Light onto the Market. The $900 patented device a intended to help trigger Lucid dreaming a consists of a pair of computer assisted goggles that sense the Onset of Rem sleep and then Flash a Bright Light into the dreamer s eyes. It s Bright enough to somehow got into your dream Quot says Institute president Michael Lapointe. Once alerted the Sleeper can place himself in control of the dream he says. Chicago dream researcher and therapist Rosalind Cartwright also uses a form of conscious dreaming treating depression through a process she Calls Quot dream reshaping Quot but she does no to believe the concept of lucidity is necessary. Instead she teaches patients in daytime therapy sessions to recognize negative dreams to Wake themselves and to substitute a dream script with a Happy ending a Fly instead of falling love instead of losing. Cartwright the director of the sleep clinic in Rush presbyterian St. Luke s medical Center says this Quot empowering Quot nighttime experience helps bolster dreamers daytime coping mechanisms and speeds them on the Road to recovery. As for Hobsons characterization of dreams As the products of random neural discharges Cartwright agrees that dreams Are triggered by the brain Stem. Quot but its a selected triggering Quot she says. Quot its not any old image that comes out Quot but scenes of intense concern to the dreamer. 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