European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - October 21, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Science amp the world Earth May be trying to signal impending quakes Lee Dye los Angeles times hours before the san Andreas fault ruptured through Northern California a year ago this month a delicate sensor designed to help the Navy detect enemy submarines picked up a radio signal that was so powerful it overloaded the systems computer. The potent signal whose origin is still Uncertain has become a key element in a sophisticated mystery that experts around the world Are trying to unravel. The strange signal has encouraged scientists to look far beyond the traditional Field of seismology for clues that would help them determine when an earthquake is about to strike. Most seismic research concentrates on such things As patterns of Small quakes and changes in rocks beneath the surface. Now a growing number of scientists Are wondering if Earth might broadcast a warning that is quite different from what they have been looking for. Some believe that is exactly what happened near Santa Cruz calif., last year before the so called Loma Prieta earthquake. They think that the signal originated deep within the ground in the hours before the san Andreas heaved with a magnitude 7.1 temblor that devastated much of the san Francisco Bay area others insist that there is not enough evidence to support such an important conclusion. The answer is crucial because it could help seismologists reach one of their most cherished goals the development of an earthquake Early warning system. The stakes Are so High and the results have been so tantalizing that other scientists around the world Are looking for a a electromagnetic evidence of pending earthquakes. Most of the research is based on the fact that the Earth is a giant Dynamo creating electric currents that flow through its crust and emitting various electromagnetic signals from such geophysical events As the crushing of Rock buried in fault systems. The research has created intriguing results in some quarters and even bold claims of Success from Greece China and Japan. Greek scientists for example claim to have successfully predicted a series of earthquakes Over the last few years by detecting changes in the grounds ability to Cany electrical current near earthquake faults. In China scientists predicted a major earthquake in 1977, largely because of a phenomenon similar to that reported by the greeks. But the results so far have been baffling because in some cases they contradict each other and no one As yet has been Able to come up with an acceptable explanation for Why any of it should work. A my feeling is we  ignore these things even though i am pretty sceptical a says seismologist Hiroo Kanamori of the California Institute of technology. The growing Field of researchers involves scientists from various disciplines Many of whom Are Quick to admit that they Are not earthquake experts but most of whom have one thing in common they have detected some sort of electromagnetic signal just before a major quake. But surprisingly Many of the claims involve signals that emerged in the total absence of other evidence that the quake was about to strike. And that seismologists say just does not make sense. They say that the geophysical events required to produce such a signal should also have produced data that would have shown up on other instruments. Those events includes such things As Strain in the fault system stress in the rocks or a slight Tilting of the land on either Side of the fault. Events such As those should have shown up on seismic instruments throughout the Santa Cruz area before last years quake but they did not. A we know a lot about what happens prior to earthquakes during earthquakes and following earthquakes a says Malcolm Johnston of the geological Survey. A we know what the Strain rates Are we know what the loading rates for faults Are we know what the stress is. We no longer have the latitude to say a Well some strange event occurred and generated these things electromagnetic signals a a until supporting evidence is found for the signals the experts say they can to be trusted. At a glance . Turkey size 301,381 Square Miles twice the size of California population 55,377,000 1989 estimate main languages turkish kurdish and arabic currency lira 2,712$1 travel restrictions none overview about 8 percent of Turkey occupies the easternmost tip of Southern Europe the rest lies in Asia. The european Section called Thrace is a Region of Green Fertile Hills and valleys that includes Istanbul the country a largest City. The rest of Turkey covers a Large mountainous. Peninsula that has some Rich Farmland but is mostly Rocky and Barren. Archaeological evidence of an advanced society in what is now Turkey dates Back to 6000 . The country has become increasingly industrialized since the 1940s and today 55 percent of the population lives in towns and cities including Ankara the capital i its a fact nearly All turks Are muslims and the National Flag adopted in 1936, bears a Crescent and five pointed Star that Are traditional symbols of islamic Faith. A it a. A any questions a a if the Earth spins so fast Why done to we feel it a there Are at least two reasons says William w. Havens professor emeritus of applied physics and nuclear engineering at Columbia University. A one is your orientation a he said. A if you Are in a framework you see Only that framework without sensing what the framework itself is  it is like being on a moving air plane he explained. Your Frame of reference is whether you Are sitting upright in your seat and if the Pilot is doing a Good Job it is Only by looking outside the plane that you can Tell the Maneu vers that plane is going through. Similarly since you move along with the planet you done to feel its motion. The other big reason he said involves the fact that we Are born into a planet spinning at a constant Speed a Little Over 1,000 Miles an hour at the Equator. Meanwhile a much greater constant gravitational Force binds us to the ground. These forces never change he said so we done to feel them. On the other hand if the Earth Ever stopped the tendency of bodies in motion to remain in motion would throw our bodies off the planet along with a lot of other things. Q a. A can cats see in the dark they cannot see in total darkness but they require much less Light than people and some of the animals they Hunt because of the Structure of their eyes. A cats Pupil is a vertical Slit when it is constricted and becomes a Large round or Oval when it dilates. The Slit shaped opening protects the Eye in Bright Light and the Large opening lets in As much Light As possible while the cat is Hunting at night. A cats eyes Shine in darkness because there is a special reflective layer beneath the Retina called the tape Tum Lucidus. It is positioned mainly in the upper half of the Eye. Anatomists say the function of the tape Tum is to reflect any Light not absorbed during its first passage through the Retina Back for a second Opportunity to be absorbed. Researchers estimate a cats Light sensitivity is almost six times that of Many a and they say this is mainly because of the tape Al reflection. Page 18 c to plus sunday october 21,1990