European Stars And Stripes (Newspaper) - July 14, 1988, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Thursday july 14, 1988 the stars and stripes Page 3 surface Hopper will hop around phobos pointed toward the Sun the other probe will Drill a penetrating Rod into the surface of phobos and remain there throughout its year Long lifetime. It will examine the composition and orbit of the Moon while solar panels keep its radio transmitter aligned with Earth. In 60-foot jumps sampling the soil in different places during its 4-hour lifetime. No matter How it lands four movable rods will Pivot and set the Hopper upright. Television camera scientific  Active support passive support  penetrating probe the soviet Union launches phobos 2 tuesday from the Bai Konur space Center in soviet Central Asia. 2nd Mars bound soviet rocket blasts off Moscow not the second of two soviet spacecraft bound for Mars was launched from the space Center at Bai Konur tuesday. It and the Craft launched thursday represent the first missions to Mars since the american Viking probes arrived in 1976. The two spacecraft Are carrying instruments intended to examine phobos one of the planet s two Moons. Phobos a Moon about 17 Miles across and deimos its smaller compan Ion Are believed to be asteroids captured by Mars Gravity. Since phobos is not Large enough to be affected by the dynamic internal and Cli Matic forces that have shaped planets like Mars and Earth it could be a Laboratory for the examination of the Primor dial matter of the solar system. When the launching of the phobos 2 Craft was broadcast on soviet television tuesday an announcer noted that the phobos 1 Craft had passed through Earth s magnetic Barrier and was being buffeted by streams of ionized Gas particles emitted by the Sun. The report added that the Craft was unharmed. When the two Craft which will Fly within 150 feet of the surface of Pho bos while dropping two probes have finished their examination of the Moon they will move into their own orbit around Mars and conduct experiments on the surface of the planet. The main task of the experiments on Mars the soviet news Agency Tass reported is a study of the temperature of the planet s surface. The research will also provide information about the mineralogical composition of the surface it said. The Mission is the first step in a Long Range program concentrating the efforts of soviet space science on Mars. Added exploratory missions Are planned in 1994 and perhaps the year 2000. The s9viet space Agency Gla Kosmos said it was conceivable that a Man could land on Mars Early in the 21st Century. Soviet Leader Mikhail s. Gorbachev urged president Reagan at the mos cow Summit in june to commit the United states to a joint program aimed at putting a Man on Mars. The president demurred reportedly be cause his science advisers were concerned that such a program could be a conduit for the Transfer of advanced technology. Nasa expert disputes finding study sees risk of shuttle crash every 5 years san Jose Calif. A a space shuttle is Likely to crash every five years under Nasa s current schedule because key Power units will fail predicts a Nasa funded study that was disputed by a space Agency offi Cial. The study said there was a l-in-70 Chance on any flight that the shuttle s three auxiliary Power units which control flaps needed to land will All fail and cause the shuttle to crash the san Jose Mercury news reported tuesday. The National aeronautics and space administration Hopes to launch about 14 shuttle missions a year once it resumes its full schedule in the Early 1990s, said Agency spokesman Steve Nesbitt. That would mean 70 missions every five years. The $2 million study conducted by a consultant was among those commissioned in the Wake of the Chal Lenger disaster on Jan. 28, 1986, to examine risk assessment by Nasa. I know they re quoting 1 in 70, but in my Opin Ion the unit is much More reliable than that based on results of Nasa testing said Chester Vaughan chief of the shuttle s Power and propulsion division at the Johnson space Center in Houston. I think we have a hell of a Good  the study s finding quantifies the potential dangers of just one of the shuttle s two dozen critical systems the Mercury news reported. According to Nasa tests the Power units Are far More reliable than the study indicates and the Agency has not changed plans to resume launches this fall Nasa officials said. The space Agency said there is a plan to double the shuttles lifespan from 20 missions to 40. However Independent experts and scientists close to Nasa told the Mercury news they were startled by the report. That s High risk said George Apostolakis an expert in risk assessment and a professor at the University of California los Angeles. John Garrick president of the Newport Beach consulting firm of Pickard Lowe and Garrick inc., which conducted the study for Mcdonnell Douglas corp., stood by the findings. We have pretty High Confidence in our results said Garrick. In trying to Tell the truth the an Swers Aren t exactly As favourable As Nasa would  the report recommended that Nasa carry out Simi Lar studies on other shuttle systems. The space Agency plans studies on the main engines and the 30,000 heat resistant tiles on the shuttle s belly but nothing new on the auxiliary Power units. Nasa decided in 1987 to spend about $2 million on the Mcdonnell Douglas probability study and a second study of the Pressurizer system for the main fuel tanks. The second study conducted by Lockheed missiles and space co. In Palo Alto found that a malfunction of that system would Likely cause a crash in about one out of every 400 missions. Indian rocket crashes into Bay of Shraih ariota India up India s sixth space shot ended in failure wednesday minutes after liftoff when scientists lost control of an unmanned five stage rocket carrying a satellite plummeting the 40-ton Craft into the Bay of Bengal officials said. The 77-Fopt-High rocket lifted of from the Shraih ariota space Center 70 Miles North of Madras bearing the 330 Pound satellite that scientists hoped to place into a Low Earth orbit. But Mission controllers said they los Contact with the missile 210 seconds into the flight. Shortly afterwards the reported the Craft by that time out of vision from the launch pad had Tum bled into the Bay in India s fourth failed space shot. Two have been successful. The telemetric data is being an Al Zed and As of now it is premature to say the reasons for it crashing . Rao chairman of the Indian space research organization. He said the problems occurred Dur ing the initial stage of the liftoff Simi Lar to another ill fated launch vehicle attempt on March 24, 1987. Faulty circuitry in the first stage motor was found to be the cause of that crash. Scientists said they had revamped the $14 million Craft to prevent a Simi Lar Accident from occurring. The solid fuel launch vehicle is India s second generation rocket. It is powered by one Central and two strap on boosters with some of its technology derived from u.s., soviet British and French de signs