European Stars and Stripes (Newspaper) - May 21, 1990, Darmstadt, Hesse                                Page 4 a a the stars and stripes monday May 21,1990 Yellowstone needs Gardiner wolves experts say fearful ranchers disagree Cheyenne Wyo. Apr the return of wolves running wild through Yellowstone National Park would add to the enjoyment of tourists and restore a missing link in the Parks ecosystem experts say. But ranchers fearful of livestock losses oppose reintroducing the predators 81,000 of which were killed Between 1883 and 1918 in state and Federal extermination programs. Now a 600-Page study to be presented to Congress this week predicts Little harm to wildlife or livestock near the Park if wolves Are returned according to those familiar with it. More important say the experts its time to move beyond speculation of How wolves would act in Yellowstone. A fall of the studies currently going on will not absolve the need to introduce wolves and let them Tell us what to do a said James peek a University of Idaho researcher. Durward Allen a Purdue University researcher who has studied wolves on Minnesota a Isle Royale for 20 years says the government is obligated to reestablish the Gray Wolf a because it was part of the aboriginal Fauna that we Are committed to preserving As nearly As possible in its primitive  Rupert Cutler president of defenders Stormie Jones left and family Friend Theresa Millikan listen to a musical doll sunday at the Dalias Forth Worth Airport in route to a Pittsburgh Hospital. Possible liver rejection plagues Stormie Jones Pittsburgh apr doctors suspect Stormie Jones the worlds first recipient of a heart River transplant is rejecting her second transplanted liver and Are examining her at a Pittsburgh Hospital a spokeswoman said sunday. Stormie 12, left her Home in a fort Worth suburb sunday for children a Hospital in Pittsburgh after her liver enzyme count shot to dangerously High Levels said family Friend Theresa Millikan. Hospital spokeswoman Lynn Mcmahon said in a statement that doctors suspect Stormie May be rejecting the second transplanted liver she received feb. 20. Stormie a condition has been con stantly monitored since she became the worlds first heart liver transplant patient on feb. 14, 1984. The youngsters first transplanted liver was damaged by hepatitis caused by an unknown virus. Doctors thought she was progressing Well after the second transplant but increasing evidence of rejection became Clear in recent tests. Stormie Sliver enzyme count a figure used to measure rejection was Between 550 and 600 on Friday morning an extremely High level. By saturday it had shot up to 1,300, Millikan said. A Stormie is real nervous a Millikan said. A she does no to want to be stuck with any More Needles. She told us she a had  _ Mammoth hot Springs Yellowstone National Park  of wildlife the most visible proponent of wolves in Yellowstone Hopes the latest study ends the political debate Over wolves that has kept the Federal government studying the predators. A the government studies show we can meet the needs of ranchers and outfitters while meeting the desire of millions of americans to see wolves restored to our nation s Best known National  apart from their aesthetic value the wolves would rein in an out of control Elk population that is slowly deluding the Parks Northern Range. Cutler said. In lobbying for Wolf restoration. Defenders Magazine surveyed 16 North american Wolf experts. They overwhelmingly called for implementation of the plan. Peek told the Magazine that a Yellowstone is a place where natural dynamic processes Are allowed to be restored and perpetuated and the predation process is incomplete without the  in the latest study Park service and fish and wildlife service researchers examined How 100 to 150 wolves might interact with grizzly bears and Yellowstone a ungulate imputations such As the Elk and Bison. They also Analysed control methods and wolves Impact on wildlife in Wyoming Montana and Montana Wyoming 5 Pohaska Rocky mount am Continental Otoe grind a a a. Teton a National a National bar might Rocky Mountain Gray Wolf a Idaho outside the Park. Members of the inter Agency grizzly Bear committee predicted there would be Little if any Overall effect either on grizzly or Wolf populations although some individual bears could be harmed. The study also is expected to conclude that Over a 20 to 30-year period there a Cyr Nair or could be a 10 percent to 25 percent reduction in Yellowstone a Elk herds which contain an estimated 31,000 animals. And a 20 percent reduction in Bison which now number 2,000. However the research also notes that the action of predators increases the general physiology of prey resulting in increased reproduction. Gao surveys effect of 1986 tax Reform Washington apr . Corporations Are paying higher taxes since the 1986 tax overhaul but Many profitable companies still pay less than 10 percent of their earnings to the Federal government congressional auditors have found. The average effective . Tax rate for 220 Large companies Rose from 18.6 percent in 1986 to 27.8 percent a year later the general accounting office estimated. A the increases. Seem consistent with the intent of the changes introduced by the tax Reform act of 1986,�?� which reduced or eliminated several corporate deductions in Exchange for lower tax rates the Gao an investigative Arm of Congress said last week. Reps. Donald Pease a Ohio and Byron Dorgan d-n.d., who had requested the Gao report hailed the findings. A a we re not prepared to make sweeping can fusions at this Point but based on this report from the first year after tax Reform. We re encouraged that tax Reform is having the effect we intended Quot the lawmakers said in a statement. The report found a narrowing of the wide disparities among How much different industries pay in Federal income taxes. But the Gap still exists. For example the soap and cosmetics Industry paid an effective tax a taxes paid divided by taxable income a of 45.8 percent of . Income the rubber Industry 19 percent computers 12.4 percent and automobile manufacturers 3.9 percent. The effective rates paid by individual companies within an Industry group also vary widely due not Only to a company a performance in a Given year but to Book keeping methods As Well. Chrysler corp., for example reported a 1987 pretax profit of $1.8 billion and paid . Income tax of 11.8 percent Ord had nearly $5.3 billion in profits and paid 24 percent. General motors reported $1.3 billion profit but because of expenditures for equipment showed a negative tax rate of 99.9 percent. A negative tax rate occurred when 1987 earnings were exceeded by expenses. In such a Case a corporation could receive a refund of taxes paid in some prior year. Pm had a refund of $1,303,800,000, which is stated As a negative number in calculating the effective tax rate. Dividing the refund by Gmys earnings $1,304,700,000, equals negative 99.9 percent among Oil companies Exxon paid 23.5 percent tax on a $2.4 billion profit Amoco paid 30.7 percent on profits of $1.2 billion and Texaco whose pretax income was shown As a $6.5 billion loss because of litigation growing from a takeover Battle paid a negative tax rate of 3.5 percent. Overall Gao found that 41 of the 220 companies had effective . Tax rates in 1987 of less than 10 percent. They included Warner communications 2.2 percent Rockwell International 6.7 percent International business machines 0.3 percent and Merrill Lynch amp co., 0.1 percent. On the other hand 44 companies reported effective rates above the 40 percent statutory rate that was in effect in 1987. Among them . Penney co., 47.5 percent Sara Lee corp., 50.7 percent and general dynamics 106.4 percent. By comparison the internal Revenue service estimates an individual with income in the $25,000-to-$30,000 Range paid an effective rate of 10 percent in 1987. Those with incomes above $ 1 million paid an average 28.7 percent. The Gao report dealt Only with How the new Law affected individual corporations and Industry groups. It did not address whether the corporations share of All Federal taxes is rising or falling. A major goal of the 1986 Law was to shift about $24 billion a year of tax Burden from individuals to corporations. Other government reports indicate that the shift has been considerably less than expected due in part to lower than expected corporate profits. The failure of corporate taxes to meet forecasts is a key reason that the budget deficit is worsening